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Communications biology2022; 5(1); 1032; doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03977-7

Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes.

Abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome contributes to endurance exercise performance. Still, the extent of its functional and metabolic potential remains unknown. Using elite endurance horses as a model system for exercise responsiveness, we built an integrated horse gut gene catalog comprising ~25 million unique genes and 372 metagenome-assembled genomes. This catalog represents 4179 genera spanning 95 phyla and functional capacities primed to exploit energy from dietary, microbial, and host resources. The holo-omics approach shows that gut microbiomes enriched in Lachnospiraceae taxa are negatively associated with cardiovascular capacity. Conversely, more complex and functionally diverse microbiomes are associated with higher glucose concentrations and reduced accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines and non-esterified fatty acids in plasma, suggesting increased ß-oxidation capacity in the mitochondria. In line with this hypothesis, more fit athletes show upregulation of mitochondrial-related genes involved in energy metabolism, biogenesis, and Ca cytosolic transport, all of which are necessary to improve aerobic work power, spare glycogen usage, and enhance cardiovascular capacity. The results identify an associative link between endurance performance and gut microbiome composition and gene function, laying the basis for nutritional interventions that could benefit horse athletes.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2022-10-03 PubMed ID: 36192523PubMed Central: PMC9529974DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03977-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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The research explores the link between gut microbiome composition and endurance performance, using elite endurance horses as the model system. The researchers generated a comprehensive gut gene catalog that may pave the way for nutritional interventions aimed at enhancing athletic performance in horses.

Integrated Horse Gut Gene Catalog

  • The researchers constructed a complete horse gut gene catalog consisting of approximately 25 million unique genes and 372 metagenome-assembled genomes.
  • This catalog represents an expansive range of microbiome diversity, covering 4179 genera across 95 phyla.
  • The comprehensive catalog showcases functional capacities designed to extract energy from various sources including the diet, microbes themselves, and the host body (in this case, the horse).

Association with Cardiovascular Capacity

  • The researchers found a negative relationship between the presence of Lachnospiraceae taxa (a family of bacteria) in the gut microbiome and cardiovascular capacity — as the abundance of these bacteria increased, cardiovascular fitness decreased.
  • On the other hand, richer and functionally diverse microbiomes were associated with higher glucose concentrations and reduced accumulation of certain fatty acids in the plasma which suggested an increased capacity for beta-oxidation (a metabolic process) in the mitochondria of cells.

Enhanced Endurance Performance and Mitochondrial Activity

  • A higher level of fitness was observed in horses that exhibited upregulation of specific mitochondrial-related genes. These genes are involved in energy metabolism, biogenesis, and calcium cytosolic transport – all crucial processes for improving aerobic work power, conserving glycogen usage, and enhancing cardiovascular capacity.
  • Altogether, this research positions the gut microbiome as a key factor influencing endurance performance, potentially providing a basis for the development of nutritional interventions that could improve the performance of equine athletes.

Cite This Article

APA
Mach N, Midoux C, Leclercq S, Pennarun S, Le Moyec L, Rué O, Robert C, Sallé G, Barrey E. (2022). Mining the equine gut metagenome: poorly-characterized taxa associated with cardiovascular fitness in endurance athletes. Commun Biol, 5(1), 1032. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03977-7

Publication

Communications biology
ISSN: 2399-3642
NlmUniqueID: 101719179
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 1032
PII: 1032

Researcher Affiliations

Mach, Núria
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France. nuria.mach@inrae.fr.
  • Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, IHAP, Toulouse, France. nuria.mach@inrae.fr.
Midoux, Cédric
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE bioinformatics facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PROSE, Antony, France.
Leclercq, Sébastien
  • Université François Rabelais de Tours, INRAE, ISP, Nouzilly, France.
Pennarun, Samuel
  • INRAE, Genomic facility, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
Le Moyec, Laurence
  • Université d'Évry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France.
  • Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, MCAM, Paris, France.
Rué, Olivier
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE bioinformatics facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Robert, Céline
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Sallé, Guillaume
  • Université François Rabelais de Tours, INRAE, ISP, Nouzilly, France.
Barrey, Eric
  • Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Athletes
  • Fatty Acids
  • Glucose
  • Glycogen
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Metagenome

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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