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Animal biotechnology2023; 1-11; doi: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2237533

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing illuminates genetic diversity and origin of Hunagrian Nonius horse breed and his relatives – Danubian horse and Serbian Nonius.

Abstract: From a historical perspective, horse breeding in Bulgaria has been very well developed since the time of the Thracians (early Bronze Age c. 3000 BCE). Archaeological discoveries from this era present us with an extremely rich type diversity, including wild and local primitive horses, the prototype of heavy draft horses, and fine riding horses.The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic structure of unexamined populations of three closely related horse breeds - the Danubian Nonius Hungarian Nonius and Serbian Nonius horses. A 608?bp long fragment of the mtDNA D-loop region was amplified and sequenced. The obtained results showed completely different genetic profiles between the investigated breeds. We identified nine of the 17 haplogroups described in modern horses. Most of the obtained sequences fell into M, L, G, and O'P lineages, which reflects the genetic profiles of the ancestral mares that were probably used at the initial stages of formation of the breeds. The population of the Danubian horse was characterized by a high prevalence of Central Asian specific haplogroup G (45%), followed by Western Eurasian specific haplogroups L and M (both about 21%). In contrast to the Danubian horse, in the Nonius breed the highest frequency of Western Eurasian haplogroup M (43.5%) was found, followed by Middle Eastern haplogroups O'P (26.1%) Central Asian specific E (13.0%) and G (13.1%). The Serbian Nonius horse showed a completely different genetic profile with a prevalence of the rare for Europe haplogroup D (66.7%), followed by Central Asian specific G (16.7%). The high mitochondrial haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.886) found in the investigated samples is evidence for multiple maternal origins in all populations.In conclusion, the obtained results demonstrated a high percentage of haplogroup sharing especially in the Danubian and Hungarian Nonius horse breeds, which reflects the possible common origins of the two breeds. In contrast to these breeds, the Serbian Nonius, despite the small number of investigated animals, showed a specific genetic profile, which could be explained by different and independent origins.
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2023-07-25 PubMed ID: 37489100DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2237533Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explored the genetic makeup of three closely related horse breeds to understand their ancestry and differences. The study found unique genetic profiles for each breed, indicating varied origins and historical breeding practices.

Historical Context

  • Horse breeding in Bulgaria has ancient roots, tracing back to the Thracians around 3000 BCE.
  • Archaeological findings from this period show a diverse range of horse types, from wild and primitive local breeds to heavy draft and fine riding horses.

Objective

  • The study aimed to delve into the genetic structures of three related horse breeds: Danubian Nonius, Hungarian Nonius, and Serbian Nonius.
  • Researchers looked at a specific segment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) known as the D-loop region to determine the genetic profiles of these breeds.

Findings

  • The genetic profiles of the three breeds were distinctly different from each other.
  • Nine out of the 17 known haplogroups (genetic groups) in modern horses were identified in the study samples.
  • Most sequences belonged to the M, L, G, and O’P lineages, hinting at the types of ancestral mares used in the early formation of these breeds.
  • Danubian horses primarily showed the Central Asian-specific haplogroup G, with Western Eurasian haplogroups L and M also being prevalent.
  • For Nonius horses, the Western Eurasian haplogroup M was most common, followed by Middle Eastern and Central Asian haplogroups.
  • Serbian Nonius horses, on the other hand, had a high frequency of the rare European haplogroup D and Central Asian-specific G.
  • The high diversity in mitochondrial haplotypes indicates multiple maternal origins for all horse populations studied.

Conclusion

  • While the Danubian and Hungarian Nonius breeds shared many genetic similarities, hinting at a possible shared ancestry, the Serbian Nonius had a distinct genetic profile.
  • The unique profile of the Serbian Nonius suggests a different and independent origin compared to the other two breeds.

Cite This Article

APA
Yordanov G, Palova N, Mehandjyiski I, Hristov P. (2023). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing illuminates genetic diversity and origin of Hunagrian Nonius horse breed and his relatives – Danubian horse and Serbian Nonius. Anim Biotechnol, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2023.2237533

Publication

Animal biotechnology
ISSN: 1532-2378
NlmUniqueID: 9011409
Country: England
Language: English
Pages: 1-11

Researcher Affiliations

Yordanov, Georgi
  • Executive Agency for Selection and Reproduction in Animal Breeding, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Palova, Nadezhda
  • Scientific Center of Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, Sredets, Bulgaria.
Mehandjyiski, Ivan
  • Research Centre of Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, Smolyan, Bulgaria.
Hristov, Peter
  • Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Agbani A, Aminou O, Machmoum M, Germot A, Badaoui B, Petit D, Piro M. A Systematic Literature Review of Mitochondrial DNA Analysis for Horse Genetic Diversity. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 20;15(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15060885pubmed: 40150414google scholar: lookup
  2. Crisà A, Cardinali I, Giontella A, Silvestrelli M, Lancioni H, Buttazzoni L. A Genetic Make Up of Italian Lipizzan Horse Through Uniparental Markers to Preserve Historical Pedigrees. Biology (Basel) 2024 Dec 23;13(12).
    doi: 10.3390/biology13121087pubmed: 39765754google scholar: lookup
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