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Home / Equine Research Bank / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major ha...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012; 109(7); 2449-2454; doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111637109

Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication.

Abstract: Archaeological and genetic evidence concerning the time and mode of wild horse (Equus ferus) domestication is still debated. High levels of genetic diversity in horse mtDNA have been detected when analyzing the control region; recurrent mutations, however, tend to blur the structure of the phylogenetic tree. Here, we brought the horse mtDNA phylogeny to the highest level of molecular resolution by analyzing 83 mitochondrial genomes from modern horses across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas. Our data reveal 18 major haplogroups (A-R) with radiation times that are mostly confined to the Neolithic and later periods and place the root of the phylogeny corresponding to the Ancestral Mare Mitogenome at ~130-160 thousand years ago. All haplogroups were detected in modern horses from Asia, but F was only found in E. przewalskii--the only remaining wild horse. Therefore, a wide range of matrilineal lineages from the extinct E. ferus underwent domestication in the Eurasian steppes during the Eneolithic period and were transmitted to modern E. caballus breeds. Importantly, now that the major horse haplogroups have been defined, each with diagnostic mutational motifs (in both the coding and control regions), these haplotypes could be easily used to (i) classify well-preserved ancient remains, (ii) (re)assess the haplogroup variation of modern breeds, including Thoroughbreds, and (iii) evaluate the possible role of mtDNA backgrounds in racehorse performance.
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Publication Date: 2012-01-30 PubMed ID: 22308342PubMed Central: PMC3289334DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1111637109Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studies the mitochondrial DNA of modern horses to understand the major genetic groups that underwent domestication, revealing 18 major haplogroups and helping define the ancestral lineage of horses.

Research Background

  • The research is centered around understanding the domestication of wild horse (Equus ferus) using archaeological and genetic evidence.
  • Prior studies have found high levels of genetic diversity in horse mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), though recurrent mutations often distort the phylogenetic tree’s structure.

Methodology

  • The researchers achieved higher resolution in the horse mtDNA phylogeny by analyzing 83 mitochondrial genomes from modern horses across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas.

Findings

  • The findings revealed 18 major haplogroups (A-R) with radiation times mainly confined to the Neolithic era and later.
  • The root of the phylogeny, corresponding to the Ancestral Mare Mitogenome, is dated around 130-160 thousand years ago.
  • All the haplogroups were identified in modern horses from Asia. However, Haplogroup F was only detected in E. Przewalskii–the remaining wild horse species.
  • This suggests a wide range of maternal lineages from the extinct E. ferus underwent domestication in the Eurasian steppes during the Eneolithic era and were transmitted to modern E. caballus breeds.

Implications

  • With the majority of horse haplogroups now defined, along with their diagnostic mutational motifs, these haplotypes can be readily used to classify well-preserved ancient remains.
  • This research can be leveraged to reassess the haplogroup variation of modern breeds, including Thoroughbreds.
  • It can also be used to evaluate the possible impact of mtDNA backgrounds on racehorse performance.

Cite This Article

APA
Achilli A, Olivieri A, Soares P, Lancioni H, Hooshiar Kashani B, Perego UA, Nergadze SG, Carossa V, Santagostino M, Capomaccio S, Felicetti M, Al-Achkar W, Penedo MC, Verini-Supplizi A, Houshmand M, Woodward SR, Semino O, Silvestrelli M, Giulotto E, Pereira L, Bandelt HJ, Torroni A. (2012). Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109(7), 2449-2454. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111637109

Publication

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 1091-6490
NlmUniqueID: 7505876
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 109
Issue: 7
Pages: 2449-2454

Researcher Affiliations

Achilli, Alessandro
  • Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
Olivieri, Anna
    Soares, Pedro
      Lancioni, Hovirag
        Hooshiar Kashani, Baharak
          Perego, Ugo A
            Nergadze, Solomon G
              Carossa, Valeria
                Santagostino, Marco
                  Capomaccio, Stefano
                    Felicetti, Michela
                      Al-Achkar, Walid
                        Penedo, M Cecilia T
                          Verini-Supplizi, Andrea
                            Houshmand, Massoud
                              Woodward, Scott R
                                Semino, Ornella
                                  Silvestrelli, Maurizio
                                    Giulotto, Elena
                                      Pereira, Luísa
                                        Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen
                                          Torroni, Antonio

                                            MeSH Terms

                                            • Animals
                                            • Animals, Domestic / genetics
                                            • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
                                            • Genome
                                            • Haplotypes
                                            • Horses / classification
                                            • Horses / genetics
                                            • Phylogeny

                                            Conflict of Interest Statement

                                            The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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