Molecular analyses of G3A/G3B and G14 equine group A rotaviruses detected between 2012 and 2018 in Japan.
Abstract: Equine group A rotaviruses (RVAs) cause diarrhoea in foals. We investigated the G genotypes of 360 RVA-positive samples obtained from diarrhoeic foals between 2012 and 2018 in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido, Japan, through sequence analysis of VP7. All samples were classified into genotypes G3A, G3B and G14. G3B RVAs were detected until 2016, and G3A RVAs were detected from 2016 to 2018. G14 RVAs were detected from 2012 to 2018. Although G3B RVAs had been circulating in Japan for a long time, G3A RVAs suddenly emerged in 2016, and have replaced G3B RVAs since 2017. Molecular analyses of VP7 and VP4 showed that these Japanese G3A RVAs are closely related to North American G3A RVAs detected in 2017. Additionally, whole-genome analyses suggested that genetic reassortments occurred between G3A and G14 RVAs in NSP1, NSP2, NSP4 and NSP5.
Publication Date: 2019-05-15 PubMed ID: 31090536DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001265Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates the genotypes of Equine group A rotaviruses, which cause diarrhea in foals, from samples gathered between 2012 and 2018 in Japan. The study identified a genetic reassortment in specific genotypes, marking an emergence in G3A genotypes from 2016.
Objective and Methodology
- The researchers aimed to investigate the G genotypes of the equine group A rotaviruses (RVAs), primarily responsible for causing diarrhea in foals.
- Their investigation was based on 360 RVA-positive samples obtained from diarrheic foals in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido, Japan, over six years (2012 – 2018).
- The method used for the investigation was sequence analysis of VP7, a significant surface protein of the rotavirus that determines its G (glycoprotein) type.
Major Findings
- The samples collected were all classified into genotypes G3A, G3B, and G14.
- G3B RVAs were detected up until 2016, while G3A RVAs were identified from 2016 to 2018. G14 RVAs were detected throughout the entire period from 2012 to 2018.
- The researchers noticed a significant shift in the prevalence of the genotypes. G3B RVAs, which had been previously circulating in Japan for long, were suddenly replaced by the emergence of G3A RVAs in 2016.
- The molecular analyses of VP7 and VP4 showed a close relationship between these Japanese G3A RVAs and G3A RVAs found in North America in 2017. This suggests a potential intercontinental transmission of the virus.
Reassortments and Implications
- The research also involved an entire genome analysis that suggested genetic reassortments have occurred between G3A and G14 RVAs in NSP1, NSP2, NSP4, and NSP5.
- This finding is of vital importance as genetic reassortment often leads to the emergence of a new strain of viruses.
- The sudden emergence of G3A RVAs replacing G3B RVAs from 2017 may have been a result of such reassortments. Further research in this direction could inform new strategies for rotavirus vaccines in equines.
Cite This Article
APA
Nemoto M, Niwa H, Murakami S, Miki R, Higuchi T, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kokado H.
(2019).
Molecular analyses of G3A/G3B and G14 equine group A rotaviruses detected between 2012 and 2018 in Japan.
J Gen Virol, 100(6), 913-931.
https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001265 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
- 2 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tokyo, Japan.
- 2 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tokyo, Japan.
- 3 Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Shinhidaka-cho, Hokkaido, Japan.
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Genome-Wide Association Study / methods
- Genotype
- Horses
- Japan
- Rotavirus / genetics
- Rotavirus Infections / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Thieulent CJ, Barrandeguy ME, Vissani MA, Parreño V. Quadruplex Real-Time TaqMan(®) RT-qPCR Assay for Differentiation of Equine Group A and B Rotaviruses and Identification of Group A G3 and G14 Genotypes.. Viruses 2023 Jul 26;15(8).
- Kumar D, Shepherd FK, Springer NL, Mwangi W, Marthaler DG. Rotavirus Infection in Swine: Genotypic Diversity, Immune Responses, and Role of Gut Microbiome in Rotavirus Immunity.. Pathogens 2022 Sep 22;11(10).
- Nemoto M, Matsumura T. Equine rotavirus infection.. J Equine Sci 2021 Mar;32(1):1-9.
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