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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Gen Virol / Molecular and genomic characterization of a novel equine mol...
The Journal of general virology2020; 102(3); 001357; doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001357

Molecular and genomic characterization of a novel equine molluscum contagiosum-like virus.

Abstract: Cases of pox-like lesions in horses and donkeys have been associated with poxviruses belonging to different genera of the family . These include the orthopoxviruses vaccinia virus (VACV), horsepoxvirus (HPXV) and cowpoxvirus (CPXV), as well as a potentially novel parapoxvirus and molluscum contagiosum virus (MOCV). However, with the exception of VACV, HPXV and CPXV, the genomic characterization of the causative agents remains largely elusive with only single short genome fragments available. Here we present the first full-length genome sequence of an equine molluscum contagiosum-like virus (EMCLV) directly determined from skin biopsies of a horse with generalized papular dermatitis. Histopathological analysis of the lesions revealed severe epidermal hyperplasia with numerous eosinophilic inclusion bodies within keratinocytes. Virions were detected in the lesions in embedded tissue by transmission electron microscopy. The genome sequence determined by next- and third-generation sequencing comprises 166 843 nt with inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of 3473 nt. Overall, 20 of the predicted 159 ORFs have no equivalents in other poxviruses. Intriguingly, two of these ORFs were identified to encode homologues of mammalian proteins involved in immune signalling pathways, namely (SECTM1) and (IGFLR1), that were not described in any virus family so far. Phylogenetic analysis with all relevant representatives of the suggests that EMCLV should be nominated as a new species within the genus .
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Publication Date: 2020-01-10 PubMed ID: 31922947PubMed Central: PMC8515872DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001357Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study presents the first full genome sequence of a new virus similar to molluscum contagiosum, which causes pox-like lesions in horses. Genetic characterization is completed and the viral particles are confirmed in skin biopsies, enhancing our understanding of these pathogen types in animals.

Objective and Method

  • The research aimed to understand the genetic basis of unusual pox-like lesions observed in horses, which were speculated to be caused by a new virus similar to molluscum contagiosum (a common skin infection in humans).
  • To achieve this, the researchers took skin biopsies from a horse exhibiting general papular dermatitis, followed by histopathological analysis of the lesions, revealing severe epidermal hyperplasia with many eosinophilic inclusion bodies within keratinocytes.
  • Through transmission electron microscopy, the presence of virions (virus particles) was detected in the lesioned tissues confirming the pathogenic involvement.
  • The genome of the virus was thoroughly sequenced using next and third-generation sequencing technologies, signifying the cutting-edge tools at the researchers’ disposal.

Results and Findings

  • The full-length genome sequence consisted of 166,843 nucleotides having inverted terminal repeats of 3,473 nucleotides.
  • A total of 159 Open Reading Frames (ORFs) were predicted out of which 20 have no equivalents in other known poxviruses, suggesting uniqueness in the new virus’s genetic makeup.
  • Interestingly, two of the ORFs were found to encode for mammalian proteins (SECTM1 and IGFLR1) involved in immune signalling pathways. The existence of such analogues has not been previously described in any virus family.

Conclusion and Implication

  • Phylogenetic analysis, comparing the new virus’s genetic content with other known representatives from the Poxviridae family, hinted that the Equine Molluscum Contagium-Like Virus (EMCLV) should be designated as a novel species within the Molluscipoxvirus genus.
  • This research not only enhances our understanding of the diverse range of poxviruses but also provides valuable insights about newly discovered viruses in animals which may have potential implications in veterinary science and zoonotic disease control.

Cite This Article

APA
Ehmann R, Brandes K, Antwerpen M, Walter M, V Schlippenbach K, Stegmaier E, Essbauer S, Bugert J, Teifke JP, Meyer H. (2020). Molecular and genomic characterization of a novel equine molluscum contagiosum-like virus. J Gen Virol, 102(3), 001357. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001357

Publication

The Journal of general virology
ISSN: 1465-2099
NlmUniqueID: 0077340
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 102
Issue: 3
PII: 001357

Researcher Affiliations

Ehmann, Rosina
  • Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
Brandes, K
  • Animal Pathology Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Antwerpen, M
  • Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
Walter, M
  • Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
V Schlippenbach, K
  • Veterinarian Practice, Zusamaltheim, Germany.
Stegmaier, E
  • Makoa Farm, Uswaa, Tanzania.
Essbauer, S
  • Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
Bugert, J
  • Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
Teifke, J P
  • Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Meyer, H
  • Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Genome, Viral
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / chemistry
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
  • Membrane Proteins / chemistry
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Molluscipoxvirus / genetics
  • Molluscipoxvirus / isolation & purification
  • Molluscipoxvirus / physiology
  • Molluscum contagiosum virus / genetics
  • Open Reading Frames
  • Phylogeny
  • Poxviridae Infections / pathology
  • Poxviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Poxviridae Infections / virology
  • Skin / pathology
  • Skin / virology
  • Skin Diseases, Viral / pathology
  • Skin Diseases, Viral / veterinary
  • Skin Diseases, Viral / virology
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • Viral Proteins / chemistry
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism
  • Virus Replication / genetics
  • Whole Genome Sequencing

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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