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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasitology / Molecular evidence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in ...
Parasitology2020; 147(11); 1238-1248; doi: 10.1017/S0031182020000992

Molecular evidence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in equines and ticks in Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors analysis.

Abstract: Babesia caballi and Theileria equi are biological agents responsible for equine piroplasmosis (EP). We conducted a robust and extensive epidemiological study in Nigeria on the prevalence and risk factors of EP. Blood (468, both horses and donkeys) and ticks (201 pools) were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA of equine piroplasms was observed in tick pools with B. caballi amplified in Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi only [minimum infection rate (MIR) of 7.6%] while T. equi was observed in R. e. evertsi (MIR, 61.6%), Hyalomma dromedarii (MIR, 23.7%) and H. truncatum (MIR, 50.0%). Overall results showed that 196/468 (41.9%) animals were positive for equine piroplasms (both B. caballi and T. equi). The prevalence for T. equi was 189/468 (40.4%) compared to 7/468 (1.5%) for B. caballi. In the horses and donkeys, respectively, the prevalence for T. equi was (39.9%; 112/281) and (41.2%; 77/187) compared with (1.4%; 4/281) and (1.6%; 3/187) due to B. caballi. Our analysis showed that location (Jigawa state), Talon breed, horses used for work and reproduction, unsatisfactory husbandry practices, contact with other mammals are risk factors that associated positivity to T. equi infection in horses, whilst horses kept on intensive management appeared to be less prone to infection. On the other hand, Jangora breed of donkeys and location (Jigawa state) are risk factors to infection with T. equi in donkeys. Findings suggest the persistence of EP in equids and ticks in Nigeria.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-17 PubMed ID: 32605687PubMed Central: PMC10317755DOI: 10.1017/S0031182020000992Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents an in-depth epidemiological study carried out in Nigeria, exploring the prevalence and risk factors of equine piroplasmosis, a disease caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, in horses, donkeys, and ticks.

Study Methodology and Sample Overview

  • The research was conducted in Nigeria, focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of equine piroplasmosis (EP), a disease caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in horses, donkeys, and ticks.
  • Laboratory testing involved examining blood samples from 468 equines (both horses and donkeys) as well as 201 pooled tick samples.
  • The selected samples were then analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to single out the DNA of equine piroplasms.

Key Findings

  • The DNA of equine piroplasms was detected in ticks, with Babesia caballi found only in Rhipicephalus eversti eversti ticks with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 7.6%.
  • On the other hand, Theileria equi was identified in R. e. evertsi (MIR of 61.6%), Hyalomma dromedarii (MIR of 23.7%), and H. truncatum (MIR of 50.0%).
  • Among the animal samples, 196 animals out of the total 468 (amounting to 41.9%) tested positive for equine piroplasms. The prevalence for Theileria equi was notably higher at 189/468 (40.4%) than for Babesia caballi at 7/468 (1.5%).
  • Within the species, T. equi prevalence was similar in horses (39.9%) and donkeys (41.2%). B. caballi prevalence was also similar in horses (1.4%) and donkeys (1.6%).

Identified Risk Factors

  • Analyzed factors show that factors such as geographical location specifically Jigawa state, specific breeds like Talon for horses and Jangora for donkeys, utilitarian use of horses (work and reproduction), unsatisfactory husbandry practices, and horses’ contact with other mammals pose a higher risk of equines contracting T. equi.
  • Conversely, horses subjected to intensive management seemed less prone to infection.
  • The research therefore suggests a persistent presence of EP in equids and ticks in Nigeria and the need for improved animal care measures and practices.

Cite This Article

APA
Onyiche TE, Taioe MO, Ogo NI, Sivakumar T, Biu AA, Mbaya AW, Xuan X, Yokoyama N, Thekisoe O. (2020). Molecular evidence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in equines and ticks in Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors analysis. Parasitology, 147(11), 1238-1248. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182020000992

Publication

Parasitology
ISSN: 1469-8161
NlmUniqueID: 0401121
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 147
Issue: 11
Pages: 1238-1248

Researcher Affiliations

Onyiche, ThankGod E
  • Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom2520, South Africa.
  • Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri600230, Nigeria.
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido080-8555, Japan.
Taioe, Moeti O
  • National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 754, Pretoria0001, South Africa.
Ogo, Ndudim I
  • Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Sivakumar, Thillaiampalam
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido080-8555, Japan.
Biu, Abdullahi A
  • Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri600230, Nigeria.
Mbaya, Albert W
  • Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B. 1069, Maiduguri600230, Nigeria.
Xuan, Xuenan
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido080-8555, Japan.
Yokoyama, Naoaki
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido080-8555, Japan.
Thekisoe, Oriel
  • Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom2520, South Africa.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Arachnid Vectors / parasitology
  • Babesia / genetics
  • Babesia / isolation & purification
  • Babesiosis / epidemiology
  • Blood / parasitology
  • Cattle
  • Equidae / parasitology
  • Genes, Protozoan
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Nigeria / epidemiology
  • Pathology, Molecular
  • Phylogeny
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Theileria / genetics
  • Theileria / isolation & purification
  • Theileriasis / epidemiology
  • Ticks / parasitology

Conflict of Interest Statement

No conflict of interest exists among the authors.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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