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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Med (Auckl) / Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 i...
Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021; 12; 337-345; doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S339042

Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus (EHV) infections have major economic, health, and welfare impacts on equids. This study was performed in three selected zones of central Ethiopia with the objectives of detecting EHV-1, -2, and -5 in horses and donkeys with suggestive signs of respiratory tract disease and to assess epidemiological risk factors associated with infections. Methods: A total of 58 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from donkeys and horses showing clinical signs of respiratory disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect EHV-1, -2, and -5. Evaluation of the associated risk factors was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Among the 58 equids tested, 36 (62%), 31 (53%), and 15 (25%) equids were positive for EHV-1, -2, and -5, respectively. Concurrent infections with EHV-1 and EHV-2 (31%), EHV-1 and EHV-5 (17%), EHV-2 and EHV-5 (15.5%), and EHV-1, -2, and -5 (13%) were recorded. EHV-1 was detected significantly in higher proportion in donkeys (76%; 95% CI: 1.066-2.251; P = 0.047) compared with horses (51.5%). In contrast, horses had fourteen times more likely to be positive for EHV-2 (OR: 13.66; 95% CI: 3.119-59.816; P = 0.001) compared to donkeys. Detection of EHV-1, -2, and -5 was no significant association with age, sex, and body condition score. Conclusions: The present study revealed the molecular evidence of EHV-1, -2, and -5 infection in donkeys and horses with signs of respiratory disease. It also documented that donkeys and horses have varying levels of susceptibility to EHVs. This species-specific in susceptibility difference to EHVs infections should be further elucidated.
© 2021 Temesgen et al.
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Publication Date: 2021-12-18 PubMed ID: 34956854PubMed Central: PMC8694401DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S339042Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study evaluated the prevalence of equine herpesvirus (EHV) infections in horses and donkeys with respiratory illnesses in central Ethiopia, revealing different levels of susceptibility to different strains of the virus between the two species.

Study Objectives and Methods

  • The goal of this study was to detect and quantify infections of equine herpesvirus types 1, 2, and 5 (EHV-1, -2, -5) in horses and donkeys showing signs of respiratory disease.
  • The research was conducted in three chosen regions of central Ethiopia, selected based on unconfirmed reports of equines showing symptoms of respiratory illness.
  • 58 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from the donkeys and horses showing signs of respiratory disease like sneezing, coughing, and nasal discharge.
  • The researchers used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a common method in molecular biology to amplify and thus detect the presence of viral DNA.
  • Alongside the detection, the study explored the associated risk factors of viral infection, conducting statistical analyses and modelling.

Findings

  • Out of 58 equines tested, 36 (62%) had EHV-1, 31 (53%) had EHV-2, and 15 (25%) had EHV-5.
  • Several horses and donkeys were found with concurrent infections of two or all three types of the virus.
  • Donkeys were significantly more likely to be infected with EHV-1 than horses, with the infection rate being 76% in donkeys versus 51.5% in horses.
  • In contrast to EHV-1, horses were significantly more likely to be infected with EHV-2, being 14 times more likely than donkeys.
  • The prevalence of EHV-5 was smaller and had no clear pattern.
  • Factors like age, sex, and body condition score showed no significant association with the detection of EHV-1, -2, and -5 infections.

Conclusions

  • The results provide molecular proof of EHV-1, -2, and -5 infection in horses and donkeys with respiratory symptoms in the studied regions.
  • This research highlights that horses and donkeys vary in susceptibility to the different types of EHV, suggesting that different species have distinct inherent immune responses or vulnerabilities to the various EHVs.
  • The scientists suggest that further research is needed to understand more about the species-specific differences in susceptibility and response to EHVs.

Cite This Article

APA
Temesgen T, Getachew Y, Negussie H. (2021). Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia. Vet Med (Auckl), 12, 337-345. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S339042

Publication

Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
ISSN: 2230-2034
NlmUniqueID: 101724251
Country: New Zealand
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 337-345

Researcher Affiliations

Temesgen, Tuge
  • College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Asossa University, Asossa, Ethiopia.
Getachew, Yitbarek
  • Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Negussie, Haileleul
  • Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Badr C, Souiai O, Arbi M, El Behi I, Essaied MS, Khosrof I, Benkahla A, Chabchoub A, Ghram A. Epidemiological and Phylogeographic Study of Equid Herpesviruses in Tunisia.. Pathogens 2022 Sep 5;11(9).
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  2. Mureşan A, Mureşan C, Siteavu M, Avram E, Bochynska D, Taulescu M. An Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-4 in an Ecological Donkey Milk Farm in Romania.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 18;10(3).
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