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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(10); 1318; doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101318

Molecular Identification of Selected Tick-Borne Protozoan and Bacterial Pathogens in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Cavite, Philippines.

Abstract: Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) considerably impair equine health and productivity. Moreover, TBDs, particularly equine piroplasmosis, impede international movement and trade of equids, which is a vital component of the global horse racing industry. In the Philippines, horse racing is a lucrative industry generating millions of USD annually. However, information on equine TBDs is scarce. This study intended to describe molecularly the equine tick-borne infections in a racehorse park in Cavite, Philippines and identify the risk factors associated with the infections. One hundred twenty-four (n = 124) thoroughbred racehorses were sampled and screened for selected tick-borne protozoan and bacterial pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Racehorses were positive for (12.10%; 15/124), (0.81%; 1/124), (10.48%; 13/124), sensu lato (38.71%; 48/124), (0.81%; 1/124), and (0.81%; 1/124). was not detected in the samples. Gender was determined as a significant risk factor for infection. Sequencing analysis revealed that seven partial 18S rRNA isolates shared 98.63-100% identity with each other and were classified as genotype A. Meanwhile, the sequence obtained from the lone -positive sample was 99.77% identical to isolates from Spain, Switzerland, China, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea, and was confirmed as genotype E based on the 18S rRNA gene. Eight 16S rRNA partial sequences were highly identical to and . Partial sequences of 5-23S rRNA were most closely related to and other sp. isolates from various countries. This study reports the first molecular detection of and and the identification of and genotypes in racehorses in the Philippines. Findings from this study shall be useful in crafting equine tick and TBD control and prevention programs in the country.
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Publication Date: 2021-10-13 PubMed ID: 34684266PubMed Central: PMC8537292DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101318Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on identifying certain diseases carried by ticks in racehorses in the Philippines. They collected and analyzed samples from 124 thoroughbred racehorses to determine the presence of protozoan and bacterial pathogens, as well as the risks associated with these infections.

Objective and Method

  • The purpose of the study was to identify the tick-borne diseases (TBDs) that affect racehorses in a park in Cavite, Philippines, and to identify the risk factors for these infections. TBDs pose a significant threat to the health and productivity of horses, and they also hinder the international movement and trade of horses, a crucial aspect of the global horse-racing industry.
  • The researchers collected samples from a total of 124 thoroughbred racehorses. Then, they conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays on these samples to locate and identify selected protozoan and bacterial pathogens linked with ticks.

Findings and Analysis

  • Out of the 124 horses, various pathogens were found in several of the samples. However, one pathogen was not detected at all.
  • Statistical analysis determined that the gender of the horse was a significant risk factor for specific infections.
  • Through genetic sequencing, researchers identified that seven partial 18S rRNA isolates of one pathogen were greatly similar to each other, with 98.63-100% identity, classified as genotype A.
  • In contrast, the sequence from the only sample that was positive for another pathogen was 99.77% identical to strains from other countries and was classified as genotype E based on the 18S rRNA gene.
  • Other identified sequences were closely related to specific pathogens from various countries.
  • This study is the first to molecularly detect these pathogens in Philippines racehorses, shedding more light on the genotypes of these pathogens.

Impact and Future Application

  • The findings from this study are crucial for the formulation of future strategies to combat TBDs in horses. They can help create effective tick and TBD control and prevention programs in the Philippines, thus ensuring the better health and productivity of horses.
  • This research also has implications for the global horse racing industry. By understanding the specifics of these infections and their risk factors, the industry may be able to improve guidelines for the international movement and trade of horses, potentially minimizing the global impact of these diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Galon EM, Macalanda AM, Garcia MM, Ibasco CJ, Garvida A, Ji S, Zafar I, Hasegawa Y, Liu M, Ybañez RH, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Ybañez A, Claveria F, Xuan X. (2021). Molecular Identification of Selected Tick-Borne Protozoan and Bacterial Pathogens in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Cavite, Philippines. Pathogens, 10(10), 1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101318

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 10
PII: 1318

Researcher Affiliations

Galon, Eloiza May
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
Macalanda, Adrian Miki
  • Department of Immunopathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Philippines.
Garcia, Mary Margarett
  • Department of Immunopathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Philippines.
Ibasco, Chrysler James
  • Department of Immunopathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Philippines.
Garvida, Anatolio
  • Saddle & Clubs Leisure Park, Philippine Racing Club Inc., Naic 4110, Philippines.
Ji, Shengwei
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
Zafar, Iqra
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
Hasegawa, Yae
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
Liu, Mingming
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China.
Ybañez, Rochelle Haidee
  • Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases, Main Campus and College of Veterinary Medicine, Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.
Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
Ybañez, Adrian
  • Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases, Main Campus and College of Veterinary Medicine, Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.
Claveria, Florencia
  • Biology Department, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines.
Xuan, Xuenan
  • National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.

Grant Funding

  • 20J20134 / Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
  • 18H02336 / Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
  • JPJ008837 / Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Galon EM, Ybañez RH, Macalanda AM, Estabillo GR, Montano MTR, Veedor MD, Garvida A, Fabon RJ, Callanta MR, Labutong KJ, Tumwebaze MA, Byamukama B, Ji S, Zafar I, Ybañez A, Xuan X. First Molecular Identification of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma in Goats from the Philippines. Pathogens 2022 Sep 27;11(10).
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  2. Bergamo S, Trevisan G, Ruscio M, Bonin S. Borrelial Diseases Across Eurasia. Biology (Basel) 2025 Oct 3;14(10).
    doi: 10.3390/biology14101357pubmed: 41154760google scholar: lookup
  3. Galon EM, Macalanda AM, Sugi T, Hayashida K, Kawai N, Kidaka T, Ybañez RH, Adjou Moumouni PF, Ringo AE, Li H, Ji S, Yamagishi J, Ybañez A, Xuan X. Bovine Piroplasma Populations in the Philippines Characterized Using Targeted Amplicon Deep Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023 Oct 18;11(10).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102584pubmed: 37894242google scholar: lookup
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