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Equine veterinary journal2023; doi: 10.1111/evj.13984

Molecular insights into the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch under the endurance effort in Arabian horses.

Abstract: Recent studies have shown that in Arabian horse muscle, long-term exercise-induced expression of genes related to fatty acid degradation and the downregulation of genes belonging to the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin signalling pathways. Long-lasting physical exertion may trigger the metabolism to switch the main energy source from carbohydrates to lipids due to higher caloric content. Objective: To describe the metabolism adaptation at the whole transcriptome of blood to endurance effort in Arabian horses. Methods: In vivo experiment. Methods: Venous blood samples from 10 Arabian horses were taken before and after a 120 km long endurance ride to isolate the RNA and perform the high-throughput NGS transcriptome sequencing. Results: The results, including KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analyses, allowed us to describe the most significantly upregulated-ARV1, DGAT2, LIPE, APOA2, MOGAT1, MOGAT2, GYS1, GYS2 and downregulated-ACACA, ACACB, FADS1, FADS2 genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, the increased expression of RAF1, KRAS and NRAS genes involved in the Insulin pathway and PI3K-Akt was shown. Conclusions: Limited sample size, Arabians used for endurance racing were not compared to Arabians from other equestrian disciplines. Conclusions: This general insight into the processes described supports the thesis of the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch in endurance Arabian horses and provides the basis for further research. 背景: 最近的研究表明，在阿拉伯马肌肉中，长期运动会诱导脂肪酸降解相关基因的表达，以及糖酵解/糖异生和胰岛素信号通路相关基因的下调。长时间的体力消耗可能会触发新陈代谢，将主要能量来源从碳水化合物转换为脂质(因为较高热量含量)。. 目的: 描述阿拉伯马血液全转录组对耐力运动的代谢适应. 研究设计: 体内实验. 方法: 取10匹阿拉伯马在120公里耐力赛骑行前后的静脉血，分离RNA并进行高通量NGS转录组测序。. 结果: 结果显示，通过KEGG(京都基因和基因组百科全书)和GO(基因本体)分析，我们观察到了参与碳水化合物和脂质代谢的基因中， - ARV1, DGAT2, LIPE, APOA2, MOGAT1, MOGAT2, GYS1, GYS2显著上调；以及 - ACACA, ACACB, FADS1, FADS2的下调。此外，参与胰岛素通路和PI3K-Akt 的 RAF1、KRAS和NRAS，基因表达增加。. 主要局限性: 样本量有限，参与耐力赛的阿拉伯马没有与参与其他马术项目的阿拉伯马进行比较。. 结论: 本研究结果支持了参与耐力赛的阿拉伯马中，存在脂质-碳水化合物代谢开关的理论，并为进一步的研究提供了基础。.
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Publication Date: 2023-08-10 PubMed ID: 37565649DOI: 10.1111/evj.13984Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article examines the metabolic adaptability of Arabian horses to endurance rides, by studying the expression of genes related to fatty acid degradation and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The research finds evidence of a switch in energy source from carbohydrates to fats in these horses during prolonged physical exertion.

Research Details

  • The research aimed to provide insights into the metabolic adaptations that occur in Arabian horses during endurance efforts. The focus was on how the primary source of energy for the horses may shift from carbohydrates to fats during sustained exercise.

Methods

  • For the study, the research team obtained venous blood samples from 10 Arabian horses both before and after an endurance ride of 120 kilometers.
  • The team then isolated the RNA from these samples and carried out high-throughput NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) transcriptome sequencing. This allowed them to identify and analyze the genes that were expressed during the adaptation process.

Results

  • The analysis, including KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology), revealed certain genes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms that were significantly upregulated or downregulated.
  • The genes that were found to be upregulated (expressed at higher levels) were ARV1, DGAT2, LIPE, APOA2, MOGAT1, MOGAT2, GYS1, GYS2. These genes are typically involved in the breakdown and utilisation of fats for energy.
  • The genes that were downregulated (expressed at lower levels) were ACACA, ACACB, FADS1, FADS2. These genes are generally implicated in carbohydrate metabolism, hinting towards a relative decrease in carbohydrate-dependant energy production.
  • The research also observed an increased expression of RAF1, KRAS and NRAS genes which are involved in the Insulin pathway and PI3K-Akt pathway. These results provide further evidence in support of the metabolic switch, as these genes play a role in the metabolic integration of carbohydrates and lipids.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that endurance exercise in Arabian horses results in a metabolic switch from carbohydrate metabolism to lipid metabolism. However, the research also acknowledges its limitations due to a relatively small sample size and not comparing race endurance Arabian horses to Arabians from other equestrian disciplines.
  • Despite these limitations, the study provides a foundation for further research into the mechanisms behind this metabolic switch, which could have different implications in the field of equestrian sports and equine health.

Cite This Article

APA
Myćka G, Ropka-Molik K, Cywińska A, Szmatoła T, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M. (2023). Molecular insights into the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch under the endurance effort in Arabian horses. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13984

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Myćka, Grzegorz
  • Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
Ropka-Molik, Katarzyna
  • Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
Cywińska, Anna
  • Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.
Szmatoła, Tomasz
  • Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
  • Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Stefaniuk-Szmukier, Monika
  • Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.

Grant Funding

  • 501-180-811 / Instytut Zootechniki - Pau0144stwowy Instytut Badawczy

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