FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Razi Inst / Molecular Study of Anaplasma spp. in Horses, Sheep, and Goat...
Archives of Razi Institute2024; 79(2); 327-334; doi: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.327

Molecular Study of Anaplasma spp. in Horses, Sheep, and Goats with Phylogenetic Analysis in Northwest Iran.

Abstract: Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution, impacts ruminants, equines, carnivores, and humans. This study aimed to investigate Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses from Ardabil province and Anaplasma ovis in small ruminants from East Azerbaijan province using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 100 healthy horses in the Ardabil province and 156 healthy sheep and goats (116 sheep and 40 goats) in the East Azerbaijan province during the spring and summer seasons of 2016 in northwest Iran. The collected blood samples were stored at -20°C until the molecular experiments were conducted. Nested PCR was employed to detect A. phagocytophilum in horses and A. ovis in small ruminants using extracted DNA and amplifying 16S rRNA and msp4 genes. The Chi-square test of independence was used to determine the relationship between Anaplasma spp., infection, and independent variables, including age, gender, animal species, and sampling location. None of the 100 samples collected from horses in the Ardabil province were positive for A. phagocytophilum. In the East Azerbaijan province, 11 out of the 156 (7.05%) blood samples collected from sheep and goats tested positive for A. ovis. In addition, A. ovis infection was not significantly related to the independent variables. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequence obtained in this study (MH790273) had 100% homology with the sequence obtained from sheep infected with Anaplasma in Ahvaz province (JQ621903.1). The findings of this study can contribute to the prevention and control of anaplasmosis in farm animals in northwestern Iran.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2024-04-30 PubMed ID: 39463709PubMed Central: PMC11512185DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.327Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the prevalence of the tick-borne disease Anaplasmosis in horses, sheep, and goats in two provinces of northwest Iran using a method called Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The research demonstrated that none of the studied horses were carriers, but small ruminants showed a low-level presence of the disease.

Methodology

  • The researchers collected blood samples from the jugular vein of 100 healthy horses in Ardabil province and 156 healthy sheep and goats in East Azerbaijan province during the spring and summer seasons of 2016.
  • The blood samples were stored at -20°C until needed for molecular experimentation.
  • Nested PCR, a method of DNA amplification, was used to detect the presence of Anaplasma spp. (the bacteria that causes Anaplasmosis) in the animals’ blood.
  • The researchers aimed to amplify two specific genes, pCS20 and msp4, which are associated with Anaplasma bacteria.

Results and Analysis

  • None of the 100 horse samples showed the presence of Anaplasma spp.
  • In contrast, 7.05% of blood samples, totaling 11 out of 156, from sheep and goats in East Azerbaijan province tested positive for Anaplasma spp.
  • The presence or absence of the bacteria did not show a significant connection with variables such as age, gender, animal species, or sampling location.

Phylogenetic Analysis

  • Researchers employed phylogenetic analysis to trace the genetic lineage of the discovered bacteria strains.
  • The sequence obtained from this study (MH790273) matched 100% with a previous sequence obtained from sheep infected with Anaplasma in Ahvaz province (JQ621903.1).

Conclusion

  • The research provided valuable data about the incidence of Anaplasma spp. in domesticated animals.
  • Though the disease prevalence was low among the tested animals and nonexistent in horses, it could still have implications for Anaplasmosis disease control and prevention in northwest Iran.

Cite This Article

APA
Akbari H, Basaki M, Imani Baran A, Akbarzadeh Z. (2024). Molecular Study of Anaplasma spp. in Horses, Sheep, and Goats with Phylogenetic Analysis in Northwest Iran. Arch Razi Inst, 79(2), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.327

Publication

Archives of Razi Institute
ISSN: 2008-9872
NlmUniqueID: 101549567
Country: Iran
Language: English
Volume: 79
Issue: 2
Pages: 327-334

Researcher Affiliations

Akbari, H
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Basaki, M
  • Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Imani Baran, A
  • Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Akbarzadeh, Z
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Iran / epidemiology
  • Goats
  • Sheep
  • Goat Diseases / microbiology
  • Goat Diseases / epidemiology
  • Sheep Diseases / microbiology
  • Sheep Diseases / epidemiology
  • Anaplasmosis / epidemiology
  • Anaplasmosis / microbiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Horses
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / analysis
  • Anaplasma ovis / genetics
  • Anaplasma ovis / isolation & purification
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Female
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum / genetics
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum / isolation & purification
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Anaplasma / genetics
  • Anaplasma / isolation & purification
  • Sheep, Domestic

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 25 references
  1. Bauer BU, Răileanu C, Tauchmann O, Fischer S, Ambros C, Silaghi C. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma ovis–Emerging Pathogens in the German Sheep Population. Pathogens 2021;10(10):1298.
    pmc: PMC8537415pubmed: 34684247
  2. Oliver A, Conrado FO, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis. Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract 2023;39(1):133–45.
    pubmed: 36737288
  3. Schafer I, Silaghi C, Fischer S, Marsboom C, Hendrickx G, Gehlen H. Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses from Germany by molecular and serological testing (2008-2021). Vet Parasitol 2022;312:8.
    pubmed: 36436292
  4. Dzięgiel B, Adaszek Ł, Kalinowski M, Winiarczyk S. Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis. Res Vet Sci 2013;95(2):316–20.
    pubmed: 23790982
  5. Stuen S, Longbottom D. Treatment and Control of Chlamydial and Rickettsial Infections in Sheep and Goats. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract 2011;27(1):213–33.
    pubmed: 21215905
  6. Stuen S. Haemoparasites in small ruminants in European countries: Challenges and clinical relevance. Small Rumin Res 2016;142:22–7.
  7. Tumwebaze MA, Lee S-H, Adjou Moumouni PF, Mohammed-Geba K, Sheir SK, Galal-Khallaf A. First detection of Anaplasma ovis in sheep and Anaplasma platys-like variants from cattle in Menoufia governorate, Egypt. Parasitol Int 2020;78:102150.
    pubmed: 32485226
  8. Noaman V, Bastani D. Molecular study on infection rates of Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma marginale in sheep and cattle in West-Azerbaijan province, Iran. Vet Res Forum 2016;7(2):163–7.
    pmc: PMC4959345pubmed: 27482362
  9. Yan YQ, Lu CY, Gong PH, Pei ZY, Peng YS, Jian FC. Molecular detection and phylogeny of Anaplasma spp. closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in small ruminants from China. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis 2022;13(5):12.
    pubmed: 35777304
  10. Noaman V. Factors associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in sheep in Iran. Small Rumin Res 2022;208:106617.
  11. Mohammadian B, Noaman V, Emami SJ. Molecular survey on prevalence and risk factors of Anaplasma spp. infection in cattle and sheep in West of Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2021;53(2):266.
    pubmed: 33866448
  12. Noaman V, Sazmand A. Anaplasma ovis infection in sheep from Iran: molecular prevalence, associated risk factors, and spatial clustering. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021;54(1):6.
    pubmed: 34890017
  13. Noaman V. Epidemiological study on Anaplasma phagocytophilum in cattle: Molecular prevalence and risk factors assessment in different ecological zones in Iran. Prev Vet Med 2020;183:105118.
    pubmed: 32891899
  14. Jalali SM, Khaki Z, Kazemi B, Bandehpour M, Rahbari S, Razi Jalali M, Yasini SP. Molecular detection and identification of Anaplasma species in sheep from Ahvaz. Iran J Vet Res 2013;14(1):50–6.
  15. Razzaq F, Khosa T, Ahmad S, Hussain M, Saeed Z, Khan MA. Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses from Southern Punjab (Pakistan). Trop Biomed 2015;32(2):233–9.
    pubmed: 26691251
  16. Alani A, Yousif A. Phylogenetic identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses in Baghdad, Iraq. Online J Anim Feed Res 2023;13(3).
  17. Noaman V, Shayan P. Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in carrier cattle of Iran - first documented report. Iran J Microbiol 2009;1(2).
    pmc: PMC3279773pubmed: 22347555
  18. Noaman V, Beiranvand MH. Application of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilium in cattle in Lorestan province, Iran. J Hell Vet Med Soc 2022;73(3):4365–72.
  19. Yousefi A, Rahbari S, Shayan P, Sadeghi-dehkordi Z, Bahonar A. Molecular evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum: an emerging tick-borne pathogen in domesticated small ruminant of Iran; first report. Comp Clin Path 2017;26(3):637–42.
  20. Renneker S, Abdo J, Salih DEA, Karagenç T, Bilgiç H, Torina A. Can Anaplasma ovis in Small Ruminants be Neglected any Longer?. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013;60(s2):105–12.
    pubmed: 24589109
  21. Renneker S, Abdo J, Bakheit MA, Kullmann B, Beyer D, Ahmed J, Seitzer U. Coinfection of Sheep with Anaplasma, Theileria and Babesia Species in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013;60(s2):113–8.
    pubmed: 24589110
  22. Al-Khalifa MS, Hussein HS, Diab FM, Khalil GM. Blood parasites of livestock in certain Regions in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2009;16(2):63–7.
    pmc: PMC3730886pubmed: 23961044
  23. Altay KD, Nazir Aktaş, Münir Özüpek, Sezai. Survey of Anaplasma infections in small ruminants from East part of Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2014;20(1):1–4.
  24. Naeem M, Amaro-Estrada I, Taqadus A, Swelum AA, Alqhtani AH, Asif M. Molecular prevalence and associated risk factors of Anaplasma ovis in Pakistani sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023;10.
    pmc: PMC10095557pubmed: 37065244
  25. Ahmadi-Hamedani M, Khaki Z, Rahbari S, Kazemi B, Bandehpour M. Molecular identification of anaplasmosis in goats using a new PCR-RFLP method. Iran J Vet Res 2009;10(4):367–72.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.