Molecular survey and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a Trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in Egypt.
Abstract: In Egypt, although the Trypanosoma evansi has been reported frequently among domestic animals, there is no published data on T. evansi in horses. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and characterization of T. evansi in three governorates by examining blood samples from 40 local camels, 35 imported camels, 25 horses and 10 donkeys by PCR targeting the sequences of TBR and RoTat 1.2VSG. The overall prevalence of T. evansi was 54.5% and 21.8% by TBR PCR and RoTat 1.2VSG PCR, respectively. The TBR PCR detected T. evansi in 60% and 71.4%, respectively, of local and imported camels and in 10% and 40% of donkeys and horses, respectively. For RoTat 1.2VSG PCR, T. evansi was detected in 32.5% and 31.4 of local and imported camels, respectively. All horses and donkeys were negative by RoTat 1.2VSG PCR. TBR PCR was superior to RoTat 1.2VSG PCR in T. evansi infection detection. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of the infection were observed on the basis of body condition and location. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, based on RoTat 1.2VSG, confirmed the presence of T. evansi, which was closely related to Egyptian and Indian isolates. In conclusion, TBR PCR is the best assay to monitor T. evansi infections in camels, horses, and donkeys. The presence of T. evansi in horses and donkeys possibly play a role in the transport of the infection to camels. This is the first report of T. evansi infection in horses in Egypt using TBR PCR.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2018-07-18 PubMed ID: 30016680DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.017Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research in Egypt focused on the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi (a parasite) in different animals, particularly camels, horses, and donkeys. Using different detection methods, the study found the parasite to be more prevalent in camels and suggested horses and donkeys might contribute to its spread. Notably, it was the first to report T. evansi infection in horses using a specific detection method called TBR PCR.
Objective and Methodology
- The study aimed to detect and characterize the prevalence of a parasite, Trypanosoma evansi, in different animal species in Egypt. This included local and imported camels, horses, and donkeys. Previous studies had reported T. evansi in domestic animals, but not in horses, creating a gap in the data.
- The research used two PCR-based methodologies, namely TBR PCR and RoTat 1.2VSG PCR. These methods target specific sequences to identify the presence of T. evansi. In total, blood samples from 40 local camels, 35 imported camels, 25 horses, and 10 donkeys were tested.
Findings
- The overall prevalence of the T. evansi parasite was discovered to be 54.5% when identified by TBR PCR and 21.8% when identified by the RoTat 1.2VSG PCR.
- The TBR PCR method proved more effective in identifying the parasite, detecting T. evansi in 60% and 71.4% of the local and imported camels, respectively. This method also detected the parasite in 10% and 40% of donkeys and horses, respectively.
- The RoTat 1.2VSG PCR detection method found T. evansi in 32.5% and 31.4% of local and imported camels, respectively, but not in any horses or donkeys.
- Significant differences in the prevalence of infection were observed depending on the body condition and location of the animals.
Implications
- Through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the RoTat 1.2VSG method, the presence of T. evansi was confirmed and found to be closely related to Egyptian and Indian isolates.
- The presence of T. evansi in horses and donkeys was found and is thought to possibly play a role in transporting the infection to camels.
- For monitoring T. evansi infections in camels, horses, and donkeys, the TBR PCR method was identified as the most effective. This finding is significant as this is the first report of T. evansi infection in horses in Egypt using TBR PCR.
Cite This Article
APA
Elhaig MM, Sallam NH.
(2018).
Molecular survey and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a Trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in Egypt.
Microb Pathog, 123, 201-205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.017 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt. Electronic address: melhaig@vet.suez.edu.eg.
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animal Diseases / epidemiology
- Animal Diseases / parasitology
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic / parasitology
- Camelus / parasitology
- DNA, Protozoan / blood
- DNA, Protozoan / genetics
- Egypt / epidemiology
- Equidae / parasitology
- Genes, Protozoan / genetics
- Horses / parasitology
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / methods
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Prevalence
- Protozoan Proteins / genetics
- Risk Factors
- Sequence Alignment
- Trypanosoma / classification
- Trypanosoma / immunology
- Trypanosoma / isolation & purification
- Trypanosoma / pathogenicity
- Trypanosomiasis / diagnosis
- Trypanosomiasis / epidemiology
- Trypanosomiasis / parasitology
- Trypanosomiasis / veterinary
- Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma / genetics
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Behour TS, Abd El Fattah EM. Genotyping of Trypanosoma brucei evansi in Egyptian camels: detection of a different non-RoTat 1.2 Trypanosoma brucei evansi in Egyptian camels. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023 Jul 28;55(4):279.
- Verma R, Das G, Singh AP, Kumar S, Nath S, Sengupta PP, Sankar M, Tiwari A, Gupta V, Srivastava S. Molecular and genetic diversity in isolates of Trypanosoma evansi from naturally infected horse and dogs by using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene in Madhya Pradesh, India. Mol Biol Rep 2023 Sep;50(9):7347-7356.
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- Suprihati E, Suwanti LT, Yudhana A, Kusumaningrum AI. Comparison of ITS-1 and TBR-1/2 primer sensitivity for the detection of Trypanosoma evansi local isolates in experimental rats using a polymerase chain reaction. Vet World 2022 Jul;15(7):1772-1778.
- Selim A, Alafari HA, Attia K, AlKahtani MDF, Albohairy FM, Elsohaby I. Prevalence and animal level risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels. Sci Rep 2022 May 27;12(1):8933.
- Van Reet N, Patient Pyana P, Dehou S, Bebronne N, Deborggraeve S, Büscher P. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy-number variations in the Trypanosoma brucei repeat (TBR) sequence can be used to enhance amplification and genotyping of Trypanozoon strains. PLoS One 2021;16(10):e0258711.
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- Alfaleh F, Alyousif M, Elhaig M. The emergence of Caryospora neofalconis in falcons in Central Saudi Arabia. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020 Sep;7(3):530-536.
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- Raftery AG, Gummery L, Garcia K, Mohite D, Capewell P, Sutton DGM. Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Equine Vet J 2026 Mar;58(2):291-319.
- Sousa JA, Miranda LM, Coutinho DJB, Costa TF, Costa SP, Freitas ÚS, Costa FB, Machado RZ, Nogueira RMS, Costa APD. Trypanosoma evansi in Brazil: first evidence of infection in equines from Northeast region. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2025;34(2):e000125.
- Shoraba M, Shoulah SA, Arnaout F, Selim A. Equine Trypanosomiasis: Molecular Detection, Hematological, and Oxidative Stress Profiling. Vet Med Int 2024;2024:6550276.
- Verma R, Punia V, Das G, Kumar S, Nath S, Swamy M. Assessment of genetic diversity of Trypanosoma evansi in the domestic animal populations through ITS-1 gene sequence analysis. Parasitol Res 2023 Dec 4;123(1):2.
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