Molecular weight distributions of milk fat triglycerides from seven species.
Abstract: The triglyceride compositions of the milk fats of man, dog, guinea pig, cow, sheep, goat, and horse were compared by gas-liquid chromatography of the intact triglycerides and of the butyl esters of the component fatty acids. The milk fats of man, dog, and guinea pig, which were largely made up of long-chain fatty acids, showed a common pattern with major contributions made by the glycerides with 48-54 acyl carbon atoms. The milk fats of cow, sheep, and goat, which were rich in short-chain acids, showed significant proportions of triglycerides with 28-54 acyl carbon atoms. Horse milk, which contains large amounts of medium-chain fatty acids, gave a characteristic triglyceride pattern in the 26-54 carbon atoms range. The experimentally determined distributions of the molecular weights of the triglycerides of all milk fats deviated significantly from the distributions predicted by random association of the fatty acids from a single pool. The data suggest that in all species the milk fat may be formed by a partial resynthesis of preformed glycerides.
Publication Date: 1967-09-01 PubMed ID: 6049672
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research compared the molecular weight distributions of triglycerides (a type of fat) in the milk of seven different species including humans, dogs, guinea pigs, cows, sheep, goats, and horses. The findings indicate that the sources and composition of milk fats differ among species, suggesting that they might be partially formed by a resynthesis of preformed glycerides.
Study Methods
- The researchers compared the triglyceride compositions of milk fats from man, dog, guinea pig, cow, sheep, goat, and horse.
- The comparison was done through the use of gas-liquid chromatography, a method that helps identify and quantify the substances in a mixture.
- This was performed on the intact triglycerides themselves and on the butyl esters of the component fatty acids, a derivative of the fatty acids.
Results and Finding
- The milk fats of man, dog, and guinea pig were largely made up of long-chain fatty acids and showed a common pattern with the glycerides having major contributions from 48-54 acyl carbon atoms.
- The milk fats of cow, sheep, and goat, rich in short-chain acids, demonstrated significant proportions of triglycerides having 28-54 acyl carbon atoms.
- Horse milk, which holds high concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids, produced a distinctive triglyceride pattern in the 26-54 carbon atom range.
- The experimentally determined distributions of the molecular weights of the triglycerides of all milk fats differed significantly from what would be expected if the fatty acids associated at random from a single pool.
Conclusion
- The data from the study suggest that the milk fat in all the species may be partially formed by a process of resynthesis from preformed glycerides.
- This implies that the formation of milk fats is not simply a random process, but instead may involve a level of organization and process that varies across species.
Cite This Article
APA
Breckenridge WC, Kuksis A.
(1967).
Molecular weight distributions of milk fat triglycerides from seven species.
J Lipid Res, 8(5), 473-478.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cattle
- Chromatography, Gas
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- Dietary Fats / analysis
- Dogs
- Fatty Acids / analysis
- Food Analysis
- Goats
- Guinea Pigs
- Horses
- Humans
- Milk / chemistry
- Milk, Human / chemistry
- Molecular Weight
- Sheep
- Triglycerides / analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 24 times.- Murru E, Manca C, Carta G, Banni S. Impact of Dietary Palmitic Acid on Lipid Metabolism.. Front Nutr 2022;9:861664.
- Blanco-Gandía MDC, Ródenas-González F, Pascual M, Reguilón MD, Guerri C, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Ketogenic Diet Decreases Alcohol Intake in Adult Male Mice.. Nutrients 2021 Jun 24;13(7).
- Furse S, Billing G, Snowden SG, Smith J, Goldberg G, Koulman A. Relationship between the lipid composition of maternal plasma and infant plasma through breast milk.. Metabolomics 2019 Sep 25;15(10):129.
- Koulman A, Furse S, Baumert M, Goldberg G, Bluck L. Rapid profiling of triglycerides in human breast milk using liquid extraction surface analysis Fourier transform mass spectrometry reveals new very long chain fatty acids and differences within individuals.. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019 Aug 15;33(15):1267-1276.
- Koppel SJ, Swerdlow RH. Neuroketotherapeutics: A modern review of a century-old therapy.. Neurochem Int 2018 Jul;117:114-125.
- Takatsu Z, Tsuda M, Yamada A, Matsumoto H, Takai A, Takeda Y, Takase M. Elephant's breast milk contains large amounts of glucosamine.. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Mar 18;79(3):524-533.
- Martínez-Vallespín B, Vahjen W, Zentek J. Effects of medium-chain fatty acids on the structure and immune response of IPEC-J2 cells.. Cytotechnology 2016 Oct;68(5):1925-36.
- Cunnane SC, Courchesne-Loyer A, Vandenberghe C, St-Pierre V, Fortier M, Hennebelle M, Croteau E, Bocti C, Fulop T, Castellano CA. Can Ketones Help Rescue Brain Fuel Supply in Later Life? Implications for Cognitive Health during Aging and the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.. Front Mol Neurosci 2016;9:53.
- Mohammad MA, Sunehag AL, Haymond MW. De novo synthesis of milk triglycerides in humans.. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014 Apr 1;306(7):E838-47.
- Choi A, Fusch G, Rochow N, Sheikh N, Fusch C. Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient contents analysis in breast milk.. Matern Child Nutr 2015 Oct;11(4):761-72.
- Innis SM. Dietary triacylglycerol structure and its role in infant nutrition.. Adv Nutr 2011 May;2(3):275-83.
- Smith S. Mechanism of chain length determination in biosynthesis of milk fatty acids. 1980.. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2009 Sep;14(3):245-60.
- Breckenridge WC, Kuksis A. Structure of bovine milk fat triglycerides : I. Short and medium chain lengths.. Lipids 1968 Jul;3(4):291-300.
- Watts R, Dils R. Human milk: Quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of triglyceride and cholesterol content during lactation.. Lipids 1968 Nov;3(6):471-6.
- Jensen RG. Lipids in human milk.. Lipids 1999 Dec;34(12):1243-71.
- Currie GJ, Kallio H. Triacylglycerols of human milk: rapid analysis by ammonia negative ion tandem mass spectrometry.. Lipids 1993 Mar;28(3):217-22.
- Grunnet I, Knudsen J. Medium-chain fatty acid synthesis by goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase. The effect of limited proteolysis.. Biochem J 1983 Jan 1;209(1):215-22.
- Myher JJ, Kuksis A, Steiner G. Milk fat structure of a patient with type 1 hyperlipidemia.. Lipids 1984 Sep;19(9):673-82.
- Marai L, Breckenridge WC, Kuksis A. Specific distribution of fatty acids in the milk fat triglycerides of goat and sheep.. Lipids 1969 Nov;4(6):562-70.
- Askew EW, Emery RS, Thomas JW. Fatty acid specificity of glyceride synthesis by homogenates of bovine mammary tissue.. Lipids 1971 Nov;6(11):777-82.
- Tanioka H, Lin CY, Smith S, Abraham S. Acyl specificity in glyceride synthesis by lactating rat mammary gland.. Lipids 1974 Apr;9(4):229-34.
- Couch JR, Saloma AE. Fatty acid positional distribution in egg yolk triglycerides from various avian species.. Lipids 1973 Dec;8(12):675-81.
- Kuksis A, Marai L, Myher JJ. Triglyceride structure of milk fats.. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1973 Jun;50(6):193-201.
- Heesom KJ, Souza PF, Ilic V, Williamson DH. Chain-length dependency of interactions of medium-chain fatty acids with glucose metabolism in acini isolated from lactating rat mammary glands. A putative feed-back to control milk lipid synthesis from glucose.. Biochem J 1992 Jan 1;281 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):273-8.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
