FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
BioMed research international2018; 2018; 8309816; doi: 10.1155/2018/8309816

Monitoring Anti-NS1 Antibodies in West Nile Virus-Infected and Vaccinated Horses.

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arboviral pathogen affecting humans, birds, and horses. Vaccines are available for veterinary use, which efficiently prevent the infection in horses. Most common diagnostic tools rely on the identification of the agent (RT-PCR, virus isolation), or on the detection of antibodies (IgM and IgG) recognizing structural proteins of the virus or neutralizing virus infection in cell cultures (virus-neutralization tests). The recent emergence of WNV in different parts of the world has resulted in an increase in the vaccination of horses in many countries. Methods for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals ("DIVA" assays) would be useful for surveillance and control purposes but are still not available. A usual approach in this regard is the use of antibodies to nonstructural proteins as markers of nonvaccinated, infected animals, and the nonstructural NS1 protein of WNV has been proposed as a candidate for such a marker. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that NS1 can be a useful antigen in DIVA assays for differentiating WNV vaccinated and infected horses in field conditions. For that, we examined serum samples from either vaccinated and infected horses both from experimental infections/vaccinations (under controlled conditions) and from the field, exposed to natural infection or vaccinated in response to a risk of infection. The overall conclusion of the study is that NS1 antigen can effectively differentiate WNV infected from vaccinated horses in experimental (controlled) conditions, but this differentiation might be difficult depending on the conditions prevailing in the field.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2018-09-25 PubMed ID: 30356362PubMed Central: PMC6176291DOI: 10.1155/2018/8309816Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores the feasibility of using the nonstructural NS1 protein of the West Nile Virus (WNV) as a marker in differentiating between WNV-infected and vaccinated horses, whether under controlled or field conditions. The authors argue that while the NS1 antigen is effective in controlled conditions, its viability as a distinguishing marker in field conditions can be challenging.

Introduction to West Nile Virus and Its Impact on Horses

  • The study addresses West Nile virus (WNV), a transmissible pathogen affecting humans, birds, and horses. Its spread prompts the vaccination of horses in various parts of the world.
  • The authors underline the need for diagnostic tools that can distinguish between infected and vaccinated horses for better surveillance and disease control.
  • Typical diagnostic methods involve identifying the virus or detecting antibodies that recognize the virus’s structural proteins or inhibit virus infection in cell cultures.

The Role of the Nonstructural NS1 Protein

  • The study proposes the nonstructural NS1 protein of WNV as a potential marker for vaccinated but not infected horses.
  • The researchers aim to ascertain whether NS1 can be used as a DIVA (Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals) antigen effectively under experimental and field conditions.

Study Methodology and Findings

  • The research involves the examination of serum samples from both variations of horses: those infected and those vaccinated under experimental/controlled conditions, and those exposed to natural infection or vaccinated due to infection risk in field conditions.
  • The research concludes that the NS1 antigen can effectively distinguish WNV-infected horses from those vaccinated, especially in controlled conditions.
  • Nonetheless, this differentiation can be challenging, depending on conditions in the field, thus confirming the hypothesis that the utility of NS1 as a marker in field conditions is problematic.

Cite This Article

APA
Rebollo B, Sarraseca J, Lecollinet S, Abouchoaib N, Alonso J, García-Bocanegra I, Sanz AJ, Venteo Á, Jiménez-Clavero MA. (2018). Monitoring Anti-NS1 Antibodies in West Nile Virus-Infected and Vaccinated Horses. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 8309816. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8309816

Publication

BioMed research international
ISSN: 2314-6141
NlmUniqueID: 101600173
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2018
Pages: 8309816
PII: 8309816

Researcher Affiliations

Rebollo, Belén
  • INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
Sarraseca, Javier
  • INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
Lecollinet, Sylvie
  • ANSES, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort 94706, France.
Abouchoaib, Nabil
  • Laboratoire Regional d'Analyses et de Recherches de Casablanca, ONSSA, Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Alonso, Javier
  • Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Animal de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Spain.
García-Bocanegra, Ignacio
  • Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain.
Sanz, Antonio J
  • INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
Venteo, Ángel
  • INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
Jiménez-Clavero, Miguel A
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos 28130, Spain.
  • CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses
  • Male
  • West Nile Fever / blood
  • West Nile Fever / immunology
  • West Nile Fever / prevention & control
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile Virus Vaccines / immunology
  • West Nile Virus Vaccines / pharmacology
  • West Nile virus / immunology

References

This article includes 14 references
  1. Shi PY, Wong SJ. Serologic diagnosis of West Nile virus infection.. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2003 Nov;3(6):733-41.
    doi: 10.1586/14737159.3.6.733pubmed: 14628901google scholar: lookup
  2. Angenvoort J, Brault AC, Bowen RA, Groschup MH. West Nile viral infection of equids.. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):168-80.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.013pmc: PMC4581842pubmed: 24035480google scholar: lookup
  3. Bowen RA, Bosco-Lauth A, Syvrud K, Thomas A, Meinert TR, Ludlow DR, Cook C, Salt J, Ons E. Protection of horses from West Nile virus Lineage 2 challenge following immunization with a whole, inactivated WNV lineage 1 vaccine.. Vaccine 2014 Sep 22;32(42):5455-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.093pubmed: 25131745google scholar: lookup
  4. Long MT, Gibbs EP, Mellencamp MW, Bowen RA, Seino KK, Zhang S, Beachboard SE, Humphrey PP. Efficacy, duration, and onset of immunogenicity of a West Nile virus vaccine, live Flavivirus chimera, in horses with a clinical disease challenge model.. Equine Vet J 2007 Nov;39(6):491-7.
    doi: 10.2746/042516407X217416pubmed: 18065305google scholar: lookup
  5. Siger L, Bowen R, Karaca K, Murray M, Jagannatha S, Echols B, Nordgren R, Minke JM. Evaluation of the efficacy provided by a Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine West Nile Virus vaccine against an experimental West Nile Virus intrathecal challenge in horses.. Vet Ther 2006 Fall;7(3):249-56.
    pubmed: 17039448
  6. Yeh JY, Chung KM, Song J. Differentiation of West Nile virus-infected animals from vaccinated animals by competitive ELISA using monoclonal antibodies against non-structural protein 1.. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012 May;12(5):380-7.
    doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0796pmc: PMC3353758pubmed: 22217168google scholar: lookup
  7. Cleton NB, van Maanen K, Bergervoet SA, Bon N, Beck C, Godeke GJ, Lecollinet S, Bowen R, Lelli D, Nowotny N, Koopmans MPG, Reusken CBEM. A Serological Protein Microarray for Detection of Multiple Cross-Reactive Flavivirus Infections in Horses for Veterinary and Public Health Surveillance.. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017 Dec;64(6):1801-1812.
    doi: 10.1111/tbed.12569pubmed: 27633257google scholar: lookup
  8. Rebollo B, Llorente F, Pérez-Ramírez E, Sarraseca J, Gallardo C, Risalde MÁ, Höfle U, Figuerola J, Soriguer RC, Venteo Á, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ. Absence of protection from West Nile virus disease and adverse effects in red legged partridges after non-structural NS1 protein administration.. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Feb;56:30-33.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.12.006pubmed: 29406280google scholar: lookup
  9. Rebollo B, Sarraseca J, Rodríguez MJ, Sanz A, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Venteo Á. Diagnostic aptitude of West Nile virus-like particles expressed in insect cells.. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Jul;91(3):233-238.
    pubmed: 29530349doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.02.003google scholar: lookup
  10. Beck C, Desprès P, Paulous S, Vanhomwegen J, Lowenski S, Nowotny N, Durand B, Garnier A, Blaise-Boisseau S, Guitton E, Yamanaka T, Zientara S, Lecollinet S. A High-Performance Multiplex Immunoassay for Serodiagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Neurological Diseases in Horses.. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:678084.
    doi: 10.1155/2015/678084pmc: PMC4589573pubmed: 26457301google scholar: lookup
  11. OIE World Organisation for Animal Health. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. 7th. Vol. 1. Paris, France: OIE Standards Commission, Office International des Epizooties; 2012. West Nile fever; pp. 346–355. (chapter 2.1.20).
  12. De Diego M, Brocchi E, Mackay D, De Simone F. The non-structural polyprotein 3ABC of foot-and-mouth disease virus as a diagnostic antigen in ELISA to differentiate infected from vaccinated cattle.. Arch Virol 1997;142(10):2021-33.
    doi: 10.1007/s007050050219pubmed: 9413510google scholar: lookup
  13. Bunning ML, Bowen RA, Cropp CB, Sullivan KG, Davis BS, Komar N, Godsey MS, Baker D, Hettler DL, Holmes DA, Biggerstaff BJ, Mitchell CJ. Experimental infection of horses with West Nile virus.. Emerg Infect Dis 2002 Apr;8(4):380-6.
    doi: 10.3201/eid0804.010239pmc: PMC3393377pubmed: 11971771google scholar: lookup
  14. Beck C, Jimenez-Clavero MA, Leblond A, Durand B, Nowotny N, Leparc-Goffart I, Zientara S, Jourdain E, Lecollinet S. Flaviviruses in Europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of West Nile disease.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013 Nov 12;10(11):6049-83.
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph10116049pmc: PMC3863887pubmed: 24225644google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Stander J, Chabeda A, Rybicki EP, Meyers AE. A Plant-Produced Virus-Like Particle Displaying Envelope Protein Domain III Elicits an Immune Response Against West Nile Virus in Mice. Front Plant Sci 2021;12:738619.
    doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738619pubmed: 34589108google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,780 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.