Monitoring Anti-NS1 Antibodies in West Nile Virus-Infected and Vaccinated Horses.
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arboviral pathogen affecting humans, birds, and horses. Vaccines are available for veterinary use, which efficiently prevent the infection in horses. Most common diagnostic tools rely on the identification of the agent (RT-PCR, virus isolation), or on the detection of antibodies (IgM and IgG) recognizing structural proteins of the virus or neutralizing virus infection in cell cultures (virus-neutralization tests). The recent emergence of WNV in different parts of the world has resulted in an increase in the vaccination of horses in many countries. Methods for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals ("DIVA" assays) would be useful for surveillance and control purposes but are still not available. A usual approach in this regard is the use of antibodies to nonstructural proteins as markers of nonvaccinated, infected animals, and the nonstructural NS1 protein of WNV has been proposed as a candidate for such a marker. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that NS1 can be a useful antigen in DIVA assays for differentiating WNV vaccinated and infected horses in field conditions. For that, we examined serum samples from either vaccinated and infected horses both from experimental infections/vaccinations (under controlled conditions) and from the field, exposed to natural infection or vaccinated in response to a risk of infection. The overall conclusion of the study is that NS1 antigen can effectively differentiate WNV infected from vaccinated horses in experimental (controlled) conditions, but this differentiation might be difficult depending on the conditions prevailing in the field.
Publication Date: 2018-09-25 PubMed ID: 30356362PubMed Central: PMC6176291DOI: 10.1155/2018/8309816Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research explores the feasibility of using the nonstructural NS1 protein of the West Nile Virus (WNV) as a marker in differentiating between WNV-infected and vaccinated horses, whether under controlled or field conditions. The authors argue that while the NS1 antigen is effective in controlled conditions, its viability as a distinguishing marker in field conditions can be challenging.
Introduction to West Nile Virus and Its Impact on Horses
- The study addresses West Nile virus (WNV), a transmissible pathogen affecting humans, birds, and horses. Its spread prompts the vaccination of horses in various parts of the world.
- The authors underline the need for diagnostic tools that can distinguish between infected and vaccinated horses for better surveillance and disease control.
- Typical diagnostic methods involve identifying the virus or detecting antibodies that recognize the virus’s structural proteins or inhibit virus infection in cell cultures.
The Role of the Nonstructural NS1 Protein
- The study proposes the nonstructural NS1 protein of WNV as a potential marker for vaccinated but not infected horses.
- The researchers aim to ascertain whether NS1 can be used as a DIVA (Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals) antigen effectively under experimental and field conditions.
Study Methodology and Findings
- The research involves the examination of serum samples from both variations of horses: those infected and those vaccinated under experimental/controlled conditions, and those exposed to natural infection or vaccinated due to infection risk in field conditions.
- The research concludes that the NS1 antigen can effectively distinguish WNV-infected horses from those vaccinated, especially in controlled conditions.
- Nonetheless, this differentiation can be challenging, depending on conditions in the field, thus confirming the hypothesis that the utility of NS1 as a marker in field conditions is problematic.
Cite This Article
APA
Rebollo B, Sarraseca J, Lecollinet S, Abouchoaib N, Alonso J, García-Bocanegra I, Sanz AJ, Venteo Á, Jiménez-Clavero MA.
(2018).
Monitoring Anti-NS1 Antibodies in West Nile Virus-Infected and Vaccinated Horses.
Biomed Res Int, 2018, 8309816.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8309816 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
- INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
- ANSES, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort 94706, France.
- Laboratoire Regional d'Analyses et de Recherches de Casablanca, ONSSA, Casablanca, Morocco.
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
- Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Animal de Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Spain.
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain.
- INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
- INGENASA (Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, SA), Madrid 28037, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos 28130, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Male
- West Nile Fever / blood
- West Nile Fever / immunology
- West Nile Fever / prevention & control
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile Virus Vaccines / immunology
- West Nile Virus Vaccines / pharmacology
- West Nile virus / immunology
References
This article includes 14 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Stander J, Chabeda A, Rybicki EP, Meyers AE. A Plant-Produced Virus-Like Particle Displaying Envelope Protein Domain III Elicits an Immune Response Against West Nile Virus in Mice. Front Plant Sci 2021;12:738619.
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