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Home / Equine Research Bank / Immunology / Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from horses differ from den...
Immunology2006; 117(4); 463-473; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02319.x

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from horses differ from dendritic cells of humans and mice.

Abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are the initiators of immune responses and are present in most tissues in vivo. To generate myeloid DC from monocytes (MoDC) in vitro the necessary cytokines are granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Using degenerated primers delineated from other species and rapid amplification of cDNA ends reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RACE RT-PCR), the cDNA of equine (eq.) GM-CSF was cloned and found to have a point deletion at the 3'-end of eq.GM-CSF, resulting in a 24-nucleotide extended open reading frame not described in any species thus far. For differentiating eq.MoDC, monocytes were stimulated with eq.GM-CSF and eq.IL-4. The eq.MoDC was analysed by both light and electron microscopy and by flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction. The eq.MoDC obtained had the typical morphology and function of DC, including the ability to stimulate allogeneic T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. In contrast to the human system, however, monocytes had to be differentiated for 6-7 days before immature DC were obtained. Our data also indicate that lipopolysaccharide or poly(I:C) alone are not sufficient to confer the full phenotypic transition into mature DC. Thus our study contributes to understanding the heterogeneity of immunity and adds important information on the equine immune system, which is clearly distinct from those of mice or man.
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Publication Date: 2006-03-25 PubMed ID: 16556260PubMed Central: PMC1782256DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02319.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper focuses on explaining the differences in dendritic cells derived from horse monocytes, as compared to those in humans and mice. The paper also examines factors necessary for the development of these cells in horses and identifies some unique findings, such as the need for more extended differentiation in horse cells and the inability of certain stimuli to fully transition these cells to maturity.

Generation and Analysis of Dendritic Cells in Horses

  • The study begins by identifying dendritic cells (DC) as vital initiators of immune responses, present in most living tissues.
  • To generate these DCs from monocytes in vitro (also known as MoDC), the researchers acknowledge the need for certain cytokines or proteins; specifically, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).
  • Focusing on horses, the researchers cloned the cDNA of equine (eq.) GM-CSF, with surprising results – a point deletion at the 3′-end of eq.GM-CSF, leading to a 24-nucleotide extended open reading frame. This is an unreported characteristic found in no other species so far.

Equine Dendritic Cells Differentiation

  • In the process of differentiating eq.MoDC, monocytes were stimulated with eq.GM-CSF and eq.IL-4.
  • Applying various evaluation methods, such as light and electron microscopy, flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction, the researchers determined that the eq.MoDC had the regular morphology and function of DCs. This included the ability to stimulate allogeneic T cells effectively in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, a key function of DCs in initiating immune responses.

Distinct Nature of the Equine Immune System

  • However, contrasting from the human system, the horse monocytes needed a longer period of differentiation, between 6-7 days before immature DCs could be produced.
  • The research also found that lipopolysaccharide or poly(I:C) alone were not sufficient in transitioning the cells into mature DCs fully. These findings stress on the unique mechanisms in the equine immune system that differ significantly from humans and mice.

Summary

  • In conclusion, the research highlights the uniqueness of the equine immune system while contributing to the broader understanding of immune heterogeneity across different species. Further research can dive deeper into these unique characteristics and potentially uncover valuable information beneficial for the health care of horses and other animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Mauel S, Steinbach F, Ludwig H. (2006). Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from horses differ from dendritic cells of humans and mice. Immunology, 117(4), 463-473. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02319.x

Publication

Immunology
ISSN: 0019-2805
NlmUniqueID: 0374672
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 117
Issue: 4
Pages: 463-473

Researcher Affiliations

Mauel, Susanne
  • Institute of Virology, FU Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Steinbach, Falko
    Ludwig, Hanns

      MeSH Terms

      • Amino Acid Sequence
      • Animals
      • Cell Differentiation / immunology
      • Cells, Cultured
      • Dendritic Cells / immunology
      • Dendritic Cells / ultrastructure
      • Flow Cytometry
      • Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / genetics
      • Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / immunology
      • Horses / immunology
      • Humans
      • Interleukin-4 / immunology
      • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
      • Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
      • Mice
      • Molecular Sequence Data
      • Monocytes / immunology
      • Monocytes / ultrastructure
      • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
      • Sequence Alignment
      • Species Specificity

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