Monospecific equine antiserum against cholera exo-enterotoxin.
Abstract: An antiserum specific for Vibrio cholerae exo-enterotoxin was produced by immunization of a horse with purified choleragenoid, a natural cholera toxoid. The serum has a high titer against the toxin antigen in passive hemagglutination tests and a respectable antipermeability factor activity. It also passively protected against choleragen-induced mouse foot edema. The serum was found to be useful for assaying toxin antigen in crude and refined products by in vitro tests such as radial immunodiffusion, Lf, and quantitative precipitin titrations. Based upon experimental observations, the serum was defined as containing 1,000 flocculating units of anticholera toxin antibody per ml. A flocculating dose, or Lf, of choleragen approximates 1 mug, and that of choleragenoid is 0.625 mug. Formalin toxoids behaved like the parent toxin in these tests. The serum contains approximately 2.2 mg of antibody protein per ml, which appears to be largely, if not entirely, of the Ig(T) type. It is suggested that this serum, which is available in considerable supply, be considered for use as a reference cholera antitoxin. The horse developed symptoms of anaphylactic shock during immunization, suggesting the need for caution in projected studies on toxoid-induced immunity in man.
Publication Date: 1970-12-01 PubMed ID: 16557901PubMed Central: PMC416076DOI: 10.1128/iai.2.6.691-697.1970Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The researchers developed a horse antiserum, a blood serum containing special antibodies, against the Vibrio cholerae exo-enterotoxin, and tested its efficacy against cholera toxin. They found that it efficiently protects against choleragen-induced side effects in mice and it may also be useful for identifying and measuring cholera toxin in different products. However, immunization of the horse led to anaphylactic shock, indicating potential risks in using this method for human immunity studies.
Antiserum Production
- The researchers immunized a horse with purified choleragenoid, a type of natural cholera toxoid, for antiserum production. Antiserum contains antibodies produced in response to the introduction of the cholera toxin.
- The resulting serum has a high titre against the cholera toxin, which means it has a high concentration of antibodies capable of binding and neutralizing this specific toxin.
Antiserum Efficacy
- The researchers demonstrated that this antiserum is capable of defending against choleragen-induced mouse foot edema, a swelling in the foot associated with the reaction to cholera toxin.
- They further tested the serum by measuring its antipermeability factor activity, and it showed that it effectively prevents the toxin from damaging cell structures, a critical step in cholera pathology.
- Moreover, they found that the serum can be used to identify and quantify the presence of cholera toxin in crude and refined products through in vitro tests.
Antiserum Characteristics
- The researchers point out that the antiserum contains 1,000 flocculating units of anticholera toxin antibody per ml, suggesting a high potency against cholera. A flocculating unit is a measure of the antiserum’s ability to clump together and precipitate the cholera toxin.
- The antiserum is predominantly, if not entirely, composed of the Ig(T) type of antibody, indicating specificity for the cholera toxin.
- The serum yields approximately 2.2 mg of antibody protein per ml, indicating a high antibody content.
Potential Risks
- Despite the promising results, it is important to note that during immunization, the horse developed symptoms of anaphylactic shock. This suggests that the use of such an antiserum could bear high risks, particularly concerning potential human applications.
- The researchers caution the scientific community to consider this adverse reaction when planning future studies on toxoid-induced immunity in humans, stressing the importance of safety alongside efficacy.
Cite This Article
APA
Finkelstein RA.
(1970).
Monospecific equine antiserum against cholera exo-enterotoxin.
Infect Immun, 2(6), 691-697.
https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.2.6.691-697.1970 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas (Southwestern) Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75235.
References
This article includes 7 references
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