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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / Morphogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.
Journal of virology1969; 4(4); 496-504; doi: 10.1128/JVI.4.4.496-504.1969

Morphogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.

Abstract: Morphogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus was studied by means of electron microscopy. Virus-specific structures (factories, viroplasts) were found at early stages of infection; these structures were composed of fibrillar and cylindrical formations, aggregates of ribosomes, and viral nucleoids. The latter emerged from fibrillar and cylindrical structures. Aggregates of viral nucleoids were found in the cytoplasm and occasionally in the nuclei of virus-infected cells. Viral envelopes and mature virions were formed on the cell membranes and on the membranes of intracellular vacuoles. Anomalous forms of virions (both polygenomic and oligogenomic) were observed.
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Publication Date: 1969-10-01 PubMed ID: 5823233PubMed Central: PMC375899DOI: 10.1128/JVI.4.4.496-504.1969Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research aimed to study how the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus develops and matures, which was analyzed using electron microscopy. The study identified unique structures specific to the virus, the composition of the structures, and the location and process of the formation of virus envelopes and virions.

Methodology and Findings

  • The researchers studied the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus’s morphogenesis (the process that causes an organism to develop its shape) using electron microscopy. This type of microscopy uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination, allowing for highly detailed visualizations of minute biological structures.
  • At the early stages of infection, they discovered virus-specific structures termed ‘factories’ or ‘viroplasts’. These formations are crucial to the replication and protein synthesis of the virus.
  • The viroplasts were found to be composed of fibrillar and cylindrical formations, aggregates of ribosomes (protein builders of the cell), and viral nucleoids (the genetic material of the virus).
  • The viral nucleoids emerged from the fibrillar and cylindrical structures.
  • Aggregates of viral nucleoids were found in the cell’s cytoplasm and occasionally within the nuclei of virus-infected cells, implying that viral replication may take place in these areas.

Virus Envelopes and Virion Formation

  • The researchers discovered that the formation of viral envelopes (a protective layer around the virus) and mature virions (complete, infective form of the virus outside a host cell) occurred on the cell membranes and on the membranes of intracellular vacuoles (small cavities within a cell containing fluid).
  • This finding suggests that the virus utilizes the cellular machinery of the host cell for its replication and formation of new virus particles—an understanding that could be essential for the future development of therapies and treatments.

Observation of Anomalous Virion Forms

  • The study also identified ‘anomalous’ or unusual forms of virions: polygenomic (more than one copy of the genome) and oligogenomic (few copies of the genome).
  • This unusual formation indicates the flexibility and versatility of the virus in its replication, possibly adapting to various conditions within the host. This insight could help in understanding the virus’s resilience and spread.

Cite This Article

APA
Bykovsky AF, Yershov FI, Zhdanov VM. (1969). Morphogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. J Virol, 4(4), 496-504. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.4.4.496-504.1969

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 496-504

Researcher Affiliations

Bykovsky, A F
    Yershov, F I
      Zhdanov, V M

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Arboviruses / growth & development
        • Chick Embryo
        • Encephalomyelitis, Equine / microbiology
        • Fibroblasts / microbiology
        • In Vitro Techniques
        • Inclusion Bodies, Viral
        • Microscopy, Electron
        • Models, Biological
        • Morphogenesis
        • Venezuela

        References

        This article includes 9 references
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        Citations

        This article has been cited 9 times.
        1. Wang X, Zhu J, Zhang D, Liu G. Ribosomal control in RNA virus-infected cells.. Front Microbiol 2022;13:1026887.
          doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026887pubmed: 36419416google scholar: lookup
        2. Lamb K, Lokesh GL, Sherman M, Watowich S. Structure of a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus assembly intermediate isolated from infected cells.. Virology 2010 Oct 25;406(2):261-9.
          doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.009pubmed: 20701942google scholar: lookup
        3. Gorelkin L. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in an adult animal host. An electron microscopic study.. Am J Pathol 1973 Nov;73(2):425-42.
          pubmed: 4796626
        4. Gorelkin L, Jahrling PB. Pancreatic involvement by Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in the hamster.. Am J Pathol 1974 May;75(2):349-62.
          pubmed: 4595940
        5. Cardiff RD, Russ SB, Brandt WE, Russell PK. Cytological localization of Dengue-2 antigens: an immunological study with ultrastructural correlation.. Infect Immun 1973 May;7(5):809-16.
          doi: 10.1128/iai.7.5.809-816.1973pubmed: 4202963google scholar: lookup
        6. Tsilinsky YY, Gutshin BV, Klimenko SM, Lvov DK. Variations of virion sizes in different clones of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1971;34(4):301-9.
          doi: 10.1007/BF01242976pubmed: 4107476google scholar: lookup
        7. Garcia-Tamayo J. Acid phosphatase activity in mouse brain infected with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.. J Virol 1971 Aug;8(2):232-41.
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        8. Mezencio JM, de Souza W, Fonseca ME, Rebello MA. Ultrastructural study of Mayaro virus replication in BHK-21 cells.. Arch Virol 1990;114(3-4):229-35.
          doi: 10.1007/BF01310751pubmed: 2173526google scholar: lookup
        9. Gliedman JB, Smith JF, Brown DT. Morphogenesis of Sindbis virus in cultured Aedes albopictus cells.. J Virol 1975 Oct;16(4):913-26.
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