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BMC research notes2015; 8; 471; doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1441-0

Multiple alignment comparison of the non-structural genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco.

Abstract: Three equine influenza viruses, A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8), A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8), and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8), were isolated from different Equidae during local respiratory disease outbreaks in Morocco in 1997 and 2004. Their non-structural (NS) genes were amplified and sequenced. Results: The results show high homology of NS nucleotide sequences of A/equine/Nador/1/1997 with European strains (i.e., A/equine/newmarket/2/93 and A/equine/Grobois/1/1998) and clustered into the European lineage. However, NS gene of A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8) strains indicated high homology with equine influenza strains that had circulated before 1990 (A/equine/Fontainbleu/1/1979(H3N8), which belonged to a pre-divergent phase Amino acid sequence comparison of the NS1 protein with reference strain A/equine/Miami/1963(H3N8) shows that the A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8) strain has 12 substitutions at the residues D/24/N, R/44/K, S/48/I, R/67/Q, A/86/V, E/139/K, A/112/T, E/186/K, L/185/F, A/223/E, S/213/T and S/228/P. In both A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8) and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8) strains, the NS1 sequences present one common mutation at the residue: S/228/P. Conclusions: It seems that all of these substitutions are not produced at the key residues of the RNA-binding domain (RBD) and the effector domain (ED). Consequently, we can suppose that they will not affect the potency of inhibition of cellular defences, and the virulence of the Moroccan equine strains will be maintained.
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Publication Date: 2015-09-24 PubMed ID: 26404167PubMed Central: PMC4581100DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1441-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study conducted a detailed analysis of the non-structural (NS) genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses isolated in Morocco. The study aimed to understand the genetic similarities these strains share with other regional and historic strains of the virus, as well as investigate any potential impact on the nature of these viruses.

Methodology

  • The researchers worked with three strains of the H3N8 subtype of equine influenza viruses: A/equine/Nador/1/1997(H3N8), A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004(H3N8), and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004(H3N8).
  • These strains were isolated from horses experiencing respiratory disease outbreaks in Morocco in 1997 and 2004.
  • The non-structural (NS) genes, which are a type of gene that codes for proteins necessary for the virus’s replication, of these strains were amplified and sequenced for analysis.

Findings

  • The non-structural genes of the A/equine/Nador/1/1997 strain showed a high degree of similarity to European strains, namely A/equine/newmarket/2/93 and A/equine/Grobois/1/1998. These strains fall under the European lineage of H3N8 equine influenza virus.
  • On the other hand, the non-structural genes of the two A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004 and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004 strains were similar to equine influenza strains that circulated before 1990, particularly A/equine/Fontainbleu/1/1979(H3N8).
  • Apart from genetic similarities, the study also found certain amino acid sequence variations in the NS1 protein – which play a key role in inhibiting the host’s immune response – when compared to a reference strain, A/equine/Miami/1963(H3N8).

Conclusions

  • The researchers concluded that while there were variations in the amino acid sequences, none of these changes occurred at the key residues of the RNA-binding domain (RBD) and the effector domain (ED).
  • Since the RBD and ED have crucial roles in the replication of the virus and its ability to shut down host immune response, the absence of alterations at these domains suggests that the potency of the Moroccan strains in suppressing cellular defences should remain unaffected.
  • Therefore, the virulence or severity of these Moroccan strains should remain constant, even with the genetic variations observed.

Cite This Article

APA
Boukharta M, Azlmat S, Elharrak M, Ennaji MM. (2015). Multiple alignment comparison of the non-structural genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco. BMC Res Notes, 8, 471. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1441-0

Publication

BMC research notes
ISSN: 1756-0500
NlmUniqueID: 101462768
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 471
PII: 471

Researcher Affiliations

Boukharta, Mohamed
  • Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University Hassan II Mohammedia-Casablanca, PO BOX 146, Quartier Yasmina, Mohammedia, 20650, Morocco. mb.vete@gmail.com.
Azlmat, Souad
  • Department of Biology, Instruction Military Hospital Med V Rabat, University Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco. sazelmat@hotmail.com.
Elharrak, Mehdi
  • Society of Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Products, Virology Laboratory, Av Hassan II, BP 4569, Rabat, Morocco. elharrak_m@hotmail.com.
Ennaji, My Mustapha
  • Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University Hassan II Mohammedia-Casablanca, PO BOX 146, Quartier Yasmina, Mohammedia, 20650, Morocco. m.ennaji@yahoo.fr.

MeSH Terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / classification
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Morocco / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / genetics

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Citations

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