Natural recombinant between equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 gene.
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a pathogen causing rhinopneumonia in young horses, abortion in mares, and myeloencephalitis in adult horses. Two types, EHV-1 P and EHV-1 B, have recently been dominant among 16 electropherotypes. EHV-1 P and EHV-1 B viruses were compared by long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Differences in restriction sites were found to be focused in ORF64, which encodes the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), and downstream of the ICP4 gene. The 3 ' -end and downstream of ICP4 gene of EHV-1 B were found to be replaced by the corresponding region of EHV-4, indicating that EHV-1 B is a naturally occurring recombinant virus between progenitors of EHV-1 P and EHV-4. This is the first report showing a natural interspecies recombinant in alphaherpesviruses.
Publication Date: 2005-02-22 PubMed ID: 15722602DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03716.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study reports that the equine herpesvirus 1 B strain (EHV-1 B) is a naturally occurring mixed virus derivative from predecessors of EHV-1 P and EHV-4 strains. The discovery makes it the first report of a natural inter-species combination in alphaherpesviruses.
Background
- The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a pathogen that causes rhinopneumonia in young horses, abortion in mares, and myeloencephalitis in adult horses.
- The study primarily focuses on two dominant electropherotypes of EHV-1, namely, EHV-1 P and EHV-1 B.
Methodology
- The researchers compared the EHV-1 P and EHV-1 B viruses using a technique known as long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.
- The analysis mainly aimed to identify differences in restriction sites (a location on DNA where a restriction enzyme cuts the DNA), particularly in focus on ORF64, the gene responsible for encoding the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4).
Key Discoveries
- The study found differences in restriction sites to be largely concentrated in ORF64 and nearby areas downstream of the ICP4 gene.
- They determined that the 3′-end and downstream region of the ICP4 gene of EHV-1 B were replaced by the corresponding region of EHV-4. This shows that EHV-1 B is a naturally occurring recombinant virus created from predecessors of EHV-1 P and EHV-4.
- This discovery is significant as it is the first known instance of a natural inter-species recombinant in alphaherpesviruses, a subtype of herpesvirus that includes the herpes simplex virus.
Cite This Article
APA
Pagamjav O, Sakata T, Matsumura T, Yamaguchi T, Fukushi H.
(2005).
Natural recombinant between equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 in the ICP4 gene.
Microbiol Immunol, 49(2), 167-179.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03716.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cricetinae
- Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horses
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Recombination, Genetic
- Sequence Alignment
- Viral Proteins / genetics
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Kang HW, Lee EY, Lee KK, Ko MK, Park JY, Kim YH, Lee K, Choi EJ, Kim J, So B, Park CK, Jeoung HY. Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea. Pathogens 2021 Apr 2;10(4).
- Garvey M, Lyons R, Hector RD, Walsh C, Arkins S, Cullinane A. Molecular Characterisation of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Isolates from Cases of Abortion, Respiratory and Neurological Disease in Ireland between 1990 and 2017. Pathogens 2019 Jan 15;8(1).
- Morrison CL, Iwanowicz L, Work TM, Fahsbender E, Breitbart M, Adams C, Iwanowicz D, Sanders L, Ackermann M, Cornman RS. Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis. PeerJ 2018;6:e4386.
- Bryant NA, Wilkie GS, Russell CA, Compston L, Grafham D, Clissold L, McLay K, Medcalf L, Newton R, Davison AJ, Elton DM. Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 Jun;65(3):817-832.
- Burrel S, Boutolleau D, Ryu D, Agut H, Merkel K, Leendertz FH, Calvignac-Spencer S. Ancient Recombination Events between Human Herpes Simplex Viruses. Mol Biol Evol 2017 Jul 1;34(7):1713-1721.
- Koelle DM, Norberg P, Fitzgibbon MP, Russell RM, Greninger AL, Huang ML, Stensland L, Jing L, Magaret AS, Diem K, Selke S, Xie H, Celum C, Lingappa JR, Jerome KR, Wald A, Johnston C. Worldwide circulation of HSV-2 × HSV-1 recombinant strains. Sci Rep 2017 Mar 13;7:44084.
- Abdelgawad A, Damiani A, Ho SY, Strauss G, Szentiks CA, East ML, Osterrieder N, Greenwood AD. Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections. Viruses 2016 Sep 20;8(9).
- Mori E, Lara Mdo C, Cunha EM, Villalobos EM, Mori CM, Soares RM, Brandão PE, Fernandes WR, Richtzenhain LJ. Molecular characterization of Brazilian equid herpesvirus type 1 strains based on neuropathogenicity markers. Braz J Microbiol 2015 Jun;46(2):565-70.
- Del Medico Zajac MP, Romera SA, Ladelfa MF, Kotsias F, Delgado F, Thiry J, Meurens F, Keil G, Thiry E, Muylkens B. In vitro-generated interspecific recombinants between bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 show attenuated replication characteristics and establish latency in the natural host. BMC Vet Res 2011 May 18;7:19.
- Muylkens B, Farnir F, Meurens F, Schynts F, Vanderplasschen A, Georges M, Thiry E. Coinfection with two closely related alphaherpesviruses results in a highly diversified recombination mosaic displaying negative genetic interference. J Virol 2009 Apr;83(7):3127-37.
- Thiry J, Tempesta M, Camero M, Tarsitano E, Muylkens B, Meurens F, Thiry E, Buonavoglia C. Clinical protection against caprine herpesvirus 1 genital infection by intranasal administration of a live attenuated glycoprotein E negative bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2007 Dec 5;3:33.
- Peters GA, Tyler SD, Grose C, Severini A, Gray MJ, Upton C, Tipples GA. A full-genome phylogenetic analysis of varicella-zoster virus reveals a novel origin of replication-based genotyping scheme and evidence of recombination between major circulating clades. J Virol 2006 Oct;80(19):9850-60.
- Kasem S, Abdel-Moneim AS, Fukushi H. Effect of thymidine kinase-deficiency (∆ORF38) on neuropathogenicity of equine herpesvirus-1 in the mouse model and expression of neighboring genes. Virus Genes 2025 Apr;61(2):179-192.
- Tau RL, Marandino AE, Panzera Y, Alamos F, Vissani MA, Romera SA, Pérez R, Maidana SS. The complete genome of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) field isolates from Argentina reveals an interspecific recombinant strain. Virus Genes 2024 Oct;60(5):559-562.
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