FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Res Vet Sci / Newly isolated lytic bacteriophages for Staphylococcus inter...
Research in veterinary science2020; 135; 42-58; doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.013

Newly isolated lytic bacteriophages for Staphylococcus intermedius, structurally and functionally stabilized in a hydroxyethylcellulose gel containing choline geranate: Potential for transdermal permeation in veterinary phage therapy.

Abstract: In the present research work, we propose a new antimicrobial treatment for pyoderma via cutaneous permeation of bacteriophage particles conveyed in a hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel integrating ionic liquid as a permeation enhancer. Ionic liquids are highly viscous fluids constituted exclusively by ions, that are usually hydrolytically stable and promote solubilization of amphipathic molecules such as proteins, hence serving as green solvents and promoting the transdermal permeation of biomolecules. In the research effort entertained herein, the synthesis and use of choline geranate for integrating a HEC gel aiming at the structural and functional stabilization of a cocktail of isolated lytic bacteriophage particles was sought, aiming at transdermal permeation in the antimicrobial treatment of animal pyoderma. The results obtained showed a high ability of the ionic liquid in enhancing transdermal permeation of the bacteriophage particles, with concomitant high potential of the HEC gel formulation in the antimicrobial treatment of animal skin infections.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-12-24 PubMed ID: 33440244DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.013Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article introduces a new method of treating a common skin infection in animals known as pyoderma. The method involves the use of ionic liquids and specific viruses (bacteriophages) that are structured and stabilized in a hydroxyethylcellulose gel for application directly to the animal’s skin.

Overview of the Study

The researchers in this study aim to provide an alternative treatment for pyoderma, a skin infection commonly occurring in animals. They test the transdermal permeation of bacteriophage particles, a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria, conveyed in a hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel integrated with ionic liquid.

  • Hydroxyethylcellulose is a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose used in many pharmaceutical applications.
  • The ionic liquid used here, choline geranate, is a type of salt in a liquid state that is highly viscous and stable, and it’s known for enhancing the solubility of amphibious molecules.
  • The bacteriophages were chosen for their ability to infect and kill the bacteria causing pyoderma.

Methods and Approach

In their research, the team first isolated and stabilized a cocktail of lytic bacteriophage particles. Lytic bacteriophages are the type that immediately start using the host’s resources upon infection to replicate, and then they destroy the host cell, releasing new bacteriophage particles.

  • The stabilized bacteriophages were mixed with a gel made of hydroxyethylcellulose and choline geranate, an ionic liquid.
  • This gel served as a ‘vehicle’ to convey the bacteriophages and enhance their transdermal permeation – their ability to penetrate through the skin.

Results & Findings

Upon analysis of the results, the researchers noted that the use of ionic liquids significantly improved the transdermal permeation of the bacteriophage particles.

  • This suggests that the ionic liquid-infused HEC gel is a promising vector for delivering these bacteriophages to the site of infection.
  • Given this enhanced ability to deliver bacteriophages through the skin, the HEC gel formulation demonstrated potential as an effective antimicrobial treatment for animal skin infections such as pyoderma.

Implications

The outcomes of this research offer new insights into potential approaches for treating bacterial skin infections in animals. They suggest the potential of using bacteriophages in combination with an ionic liquid and hydroxyethylcellulose gel to enable effective delivery of the treatment to the site of infection. Future research could explore the applicability of this technique in treating different types of skin infections and its efficiency in different animal species and breeds.

Cite This Article

APA
Silva EC, Oliveira TJ, Moreli FC, Harada LK, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. (2020). Newly isolated lytic bacteriophages for Staphylococcus intermedius, structurally and functionally stabilized in a hydroxyethylcellulose gel containing choline geranate: Potential for transdermal permeation in veterinary phage therapy. Res Vet Sci, 135, 42-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.013

Publication

Research in veterinary science
ISSN: 1532-2661
NlmUniqueID: 0401300
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 135
Pages: 42-58
PII: S0034-5288(20)31115-2

Researcher Affiliations

Silva, Erica C
  • PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Oliveira, Thais J
  • PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Moreli, Fernanda C
  • PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Harada, Liliam K
  • PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Vila, Marta M D C
  • PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Balcão, Victor M
  • PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: victor.balcao@prof.uniso.br.

MeSH Terms

  • Administration, Cutaneous
  • Animals
  • Bacteriophages
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Survival
  • Cellulose / analogs & derivatives
  • Cellulose / chemistry
  • Choline / chemistry
  • Dogs / microbiology
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Ionic Liquids / chemistry
  • Ionic Liquids / metabolism
  • Mutagenicity Tests
  • Permeability
  • Phage Therapy / veterinary
  • Pyoderma / drug therapy
  • Pyoderma / veterinary
  • Skin / metabolism
  • Solvents
  • Staphylococcus intermedius / virology

Citations

This article has been cited 18 times.
  1. Strathdee SA, Hatfull GF, Mutalik VK, Schooley RT. Phage therapy: From biological mechanisms to future directions. Cell 2023 Jan 5;186(1):17-31.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.017pubmed: 36608652google scholar: lookup
  2. Balcão VM, Belline BG, Silva EC, Almeida PFFB, Baldo DÂ, Amorim LRP, Oliveira Júnior JM, Vila MMDC, Del Fiol FS. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Two Novel Lytic Bacteriophages for the Biocontrol of Escherichia coli in Uterine Infections: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Preliminary Studies in Veterinary Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022 Oct 30;14(11).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112344pubmed: 36365162google scholar: lookup
  3. Riaz M, Akhlaq M, Naz S, Uroos M. An overview of biomedical applications of choline geranate (CAGE): a major breakthrough in drug delivery. RSC Adv 2022 Sep 12;12(40):25977-25991.
    doi: 10.1039/d2ra03882jpubmed: 36199602google scholar: lookup
  4. Balcão VM, Moreli FC, Silva EC, Belline BG, Martins LF, Rossi FPN, Pereira C, Vila MMDC, da Silva AM. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Lytic Bacteriophage That Inactivates MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. Pharmaceutics 2022 Jul 6;14(7).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071421pubmed: 35890314google scholar: lookup
  5. Boscariol R, Oliveira Junior JM, Baldo DA, Balcão VM, Vila MMDC. Transdermal permeation of curcumin promoted by choline geranate ionic liquid: Potential for the treatment of skin diseases. Saudi Pharm J 2022 Apr;30(4):382-397.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.023pubmed: 35527836google scholar: lookup
  6. Boscariol R, Caetano ÉA, Grotto D, Rosa-Castro RM, Oliveira Junior JM, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. Transdermal Permeation Assays of Curcumin Aided by CAGE-IL: In Vivo Control of Psoriasis. Pharmaceutics 2022 Apr 2;14(4).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040779pubmed: 35456612google scholar: lookup
  7. Ijardar SP, Singh V, Gardas RL. Revisiting the Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2022 Feb 17;27(4).
    doi: 10.3390/molecules27041368pubmed: 35209161google scholar: lookup
  8. Boscariol R, Caetano ÉA, Silva EC, Oliveira TJ, Rosa-Castro RM, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. Performance of Choline Geranate Deep Eutectic Solvent as Transdermal Permeation Enhancer: An In Vitro Skin Histological Study. Pharmaceutics 2021 Apr 13;13(4).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040540pubmed: 33924325google scholar: lookup
  9. Harada LK, Júnior WB, Silva EC, Oliveira TJ, Moreli FC, Júnior JMO, Tubino M, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. Bacteriophage-Based Biosensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Integrated Approach for the Putative Real-Time Detection of Multi-Drug-Resistant Strains. Biosensors (Basel) 2021 Apr 15;11(4).
    doi: 10.3390/bios11040124pubmed: 33921071google scholar: lookup
  10. Jiao X, Yang S, Liu J, Xu S, Wu J, Dong X, Qiao J. Biological characterization and genomic analysis of Kpp-61, a lytic bacteriophage against K1-type Klebsiella pneumoniae. Arch Virol 2026 Feb 16;171(3):69.
    doi: 10.1007/s00705-026-06561-0pubmed: 41699133google scholar: lookup
  11. Gonçalves Pereira IL, Ziulkoski AL, Zepon KM, Kanis LA, Schrekker HS. Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceuticals: A Scoping Review of Formulation Strategies. ACS Omega 2026 Jan 13;11(1):260-303.
    doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c08558pubmed: 41552578google scholar: lookup
  12. Venkataraman S, Shahgolzari M, Yavari A, Hefferon K. Bacteriophages as Targeted Therapeutic Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities. Bioengineering (Basel) 2025 Apr 29;12(5).
    doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12050469pubmed: 40428088google scholar: lookup
  13. Bernardi B, Malafatti JOD, Moreira AJ, de Almeida Nascimento AC, Lima JB, Vermeersch LAF, Paris EC. Antimicrobial membranes based on polycaprolactone:pectin blends reinforced with zeolite faujasite for cloxacillin-controlled release. Discov Nano 2025 Jan 14;20(1):8.
    doi: 10.1186/s11671-024-04161-ypubmed: 39808365google scholar: lookup
  14. Vila MMDC, Balcão LMN, Balcão VM. Phage Delivery Strategies for Biocontrolling Human, Animal, and Plant Bacterial Infections: State of the Art. Pharmaceutics 2024 Mar 8;16(3).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030374pubmed: 38543268google scholar: lookup
  15. Vila MMDC, Cinto EC, Pereira AO, Baldo DÂ, Oliveira JM Jr, Balcão VM. An Edible Antibacterial Coating Integrating Lytic Bacteriophage Particles for the Potential Biocontrol of Salmonella enterica in Ripened Cheese. Polymers (Basel) 2024 Mar 2;16(5).
    doi: 10.3390/polym16050680pubmed: 38475362google scholar: lookup
  16. Sikora M, Wąsik S, Semaniak J, Drulis-Kawa Z, Wiśniewska-Wrona M, Arabski M. Chitosan-based matrix as a carrier for bacteriophages. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024 Dec;108(1):6.
    doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12838-0pubmed: 38165478google scholar: lookup
  17. Jo SJ, Kwon J, Kim SG, Lee SJ. The Biotechnological Application of Bacteriophages: What to Do and Where to Go in the Middle of the Post-Antibiotic Era. Microorganisms 2023 Sep 13;11(9).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11092311pubmed: 37764155google scholar: lookup
  18. Pereira AO, Barros NMA, Guerrero BR, Emencheta SC, Baldo DÂ, Oliveira JM Jr, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. An Edible Biopolymeric Microcapsular Wrapping Integrating Lytic Bacteriophage Particles for Salmonella enterica: Potential for Integration into Poultry Feed. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 May 31;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12060988pubmed: 37370307google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,359 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.