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Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition2021; 105(6); 1154-1164; doi: 10.1111/jpn.13589

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares.

Abstract: NAD deficiency has recently been linked with increased occurrences of congenital abnormalities and embryonic death in human and animal subjects. Early embryonic death is a major component of pregnancy loss in mares and very little is known regarding the requirement for NAD in horses. The aim of this study was to quantify NAD and its metabolites in the plasma and urine of mares after orally administering an acute dose of nicotinic acid and determine the absorption, metabolism and excretion of this essential precursor for NAD biosynthesis. Nicotinic acid (5 g per os) was administered to four mares via a dosing syringe. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 22 h, and urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 22 h. The samples were processed and analysed by mass spectrometry. A general additive model was applied to all metabolite concentration values followed by a post-hoc multiple comparisons test. Nicotinic acid was rapidly absorbed into peripheral blood within 15 min of administration and the concentrations of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinuric acid, nicotinic acid mononucleotide and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) increased significantly in plasma at 30 min. The concentrations of NAM, nicotinic acid riboside and NaAD increased significantly in urine at 3 h. The levels of NAM and NaAD remained significantly elevated in plasma at 22 h, sixfold and ninefold greater, respectively, than the basal levels at 0 h. While the extracellular levels of NAD in the samples remained undetected, the large, sustained elevation of NaAD levels in plasma indicates that the NAD levels were boosted within the cellular compartments. The results show that nicotinic acid supplementation increases the bioavailability of NAD precursors in mares, which is proposed to be beneficial during periods of peak NAD demand, such as during early embryo development.
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-12 PubMed ID: 34117670DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13589Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a study conducted to analyze the effect of nicotinic acid supplementation on the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares. The study finds that nicotinic acid supplementation enhances the availability of NAD precursors, which might be beneficial during times with high NAD demand like early embryo development.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The study aimed to understand the impact of orally administering a high dose of nicotinic acid on NAD and its metabolites in the plasma and urine of mares.
  • This was done in the context of researching the need for NAD in horses, given the correlation between NAD deficiency and higher instances of congenital abnormalities and embryonic death in humans and animals.
  • The researchers gave 5 g of nicotinic acid to four mares and collected blood samples at different intervals (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 22 hours) and urine samples (0, 3, 6, and 22 hours).
  • The samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and all metabolite concentration values were subjected to a general additive model, followed by a post-hoc multiple comparisons test.

Results

  • Nicotinic acid was found to be quickly absorbed into the mares’ peripheral blood within 15 minutes of administration.
  • Concentrations of various NAD metabolites (nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, nicotinuric acid, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide) significantly increased in the plasma 30 minutes after the administration of nicotinic acid.
  • Nicotinamide, nicotinic acid riboside, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide showed significant increase in the urine samples collected 3 hours after administration.
  • The levels of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide remained significantly elevated in plasma at 22 hours, indicating that NAD levels were boosted within the cellular compartments even though the extracellular NAD levels remained undetected.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that nicotinic acid supplementation can increase the bioavailability of NAD precursors in mares.
  • The boost in NAD levels potentially provides benefits during phases of high NAD demand, such as early embryo development, helping to mitigate the risk of congenital abnormalities and embryonic death.

Cite This Article

APA
Pollard CL, Gibb Z, Swegen A, Lawson EF, Grupen CG. (2021). Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 105(6), 1154-1164. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13589

Publication

Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
ISSN: 1439-0396
NlmUniqueID: 101126979
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 105
Issue: 6
Pages: 1154-1164

Researcher Affiliations

Pollard, Charley-Lea
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.
Gibb, Zamira
  • Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Swegen, Aleona
  • Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
  • Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lawson, Edwina F
  • Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Grupen, Christopher G
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biological Availability
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Female
  • Horses
  • NAD / metabolism
  • Niacin

Grant Funding

  • LP160100824 / Australian Research Council

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Pollard CL, Gibb Z, Clulow J, Ruiz A, Sheridan A, Bahrami M, Swegen A, Grupen CG. Supplemental Nicotinic Acid Elevates NAD(+) Precursors in the Follicular Fluid of Mares. Animals (Basel) 2022 May 27;12(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12111383pubmed: 35681847google scholar: lookup
  2. Pollard CL. Can Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and Sirtuins Be Harnessed to Improve Mare Fertility?. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jan 7;14(2).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14020193pubmed: 38254361google scholar: lookup
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