FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Frontiers in veterinary science2026; 13; 1917722; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1917722

Non-coding RNA profiles associated with equine osteoarthritis: a systematic review.

Abstract: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) by regulating gene expression related to inflammation, chondrocyte apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. In horses, OA is a leading cause of lameness and poor performance, with no current treatments halting disease progression and no clear biomarker available. Although some studies have investigated expression profiles of ncRNAs in equine OA, there is a need to systematically review previous efforts and synthesize information to identify potential ncRNAs to target in future research. Unassigned: The search strategy was developed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Studies (PICOS) framework. A comprehensive search of Scopus, ScienceDirect, CAB Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, and Web of Science Core Collection identified studies written in English published through June 30, 2025, using comprehensive terms for ncRNAs in equine osteoarthritis. Eligible studies assessed differential ncRNAs expression profiles in natural and experimentally induced OA and control equids. Individual ncRNAs were categorized based on frequency across different studies: 1) identified in three or more samples across studies, 2) identified in two samples across studies or 3) unique to one sample in a single study. Differential expression (logfold change) with -values were extracted for each ncRNA and visualized using heatmaps. Unassigned: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including four longitudinal and four case-control studies. Three investigated natural OA, four analyzed surgically induced OA and one employed a chemically induced OA model. Most studies utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze ncRNAs, while two used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Three NGS studies included PCR validation. Multiple ncRNAs were identified, with microRNAs (miRNAs) being the most frequently found, followed by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Among ncRNAs reported in at least three types of samples across independent studies, let-7a, miR-1307, miR-144, miR-744, and miR-98 were significantly upregulated, whereas miR-10a and miR-29b were significantly downregulated ( < 0.05). Unassigned: Our findings of specific ncRNAs with shared expression profiles across multiple equine OA studies support their potential as OA biomarkers. Further research is necessary to determine the role of ncRNAs in OA development, such as contributions to cartilage degeneration, inflammation, and apoptosis, and to evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets.
Copyright © 2026 Khaliji, Wong, Barker, Chen and Cassano.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2026-08-26 PubMed ID: 42719329PubMed Central: PMC13556994DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1917722Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Systematic Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research article systematically reviews the expression profiles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in horses, aiming to identify consistent ncRNA biomarkers and therapeutic targets for equine OA.
  • The review synthesizes data from multiple studies to reveal which ncRNAs are commonly dysregulated in equine OA, highlighting their potential involvement in disease mechanisms.

Background

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by inflammation, chondrocyte (cartilage cell) death, and breakdown of the extracellular matrix, leading to joint dysfunction.
  • In horses, OA is a major cause of lameness and reduced athletic performance, with no current treatments that effectively stop its progression.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but regulate gene expression and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of OA by influencing inflammation, cell apoptosis, and cartilage degradation.
  • Identifying specific ncRNAs consistently involved in equine OA could aid in biomarker development for diagnosis or monitoring, as well as reveal new therapeutic targets.
  • Previous studies on ncRNA expression in equine OA exist, but there has been no systematic synthesis of this data to determine the most promising ncRNAs related to the disease.

Research Aim and Methodology

  • The review aimed to comprehensively identify and analyze studies that examined differential expression of ncRNAs in equine OA.
  • A systematic search was performed across multiple databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, CAB Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Web of Science Core Collection) for English-language studies published up to June 30, 2025.
  • The search strategy was based on the PICOS framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Studies) tailored to ncRNA expression in equine OA.
  • Included studies investigated natural or experimentally induced OA in horses, comparing affected and control samples for ncRNA expression differences.
  • Data extraction focused on differential expression values (log fold change) and p-values for each ncRNA identified.
  • Individual ncRNAs were categorized by how frequently they appeared across independent samples:
    • Identified in three or more samples across studies
    • Identified in two samples
    • Unique to a single sample/study

Key Findings

  • Eight studies met inclusion criteria, comprising four longitudinal studies and four case-control studies:
    • Three studies evaluated naturally occurring OA.
    • Four studied surgically induced OA models.
    • One used a chemically induced OA model.
  • The majority of studies used next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for broad detection of ncRNAs, while two used targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for validation.
  • Among the ncRNAs identified:
    • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were the most common type found across studies.
    • Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were also frequently detected.
  • When focusing on ncRNAs found in three or more independent samples:
    • miRNAs such as let-7a, miR-1307, miR-144, miR-744, and miR-98 were significantly upregulated in OA.
    • miR-10a and miR-29b were significantly downregulated in OA samples (p < 0.05).
  • The review visualized expression patterns using heatmaps to illustrate consistent trends across studies.

Implications and Future Directions

  • The identification of ncRNAs with consistent dysregulation across multiple studies supports their potential as biomarkers for equine OA.
  • These ncRNAs may reflect biological processes driving cartilage destruction, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis in OA.
  • Further research is needed to:
    • Elucidate the precise biological roles of these key ncRNAs in equine OA pathogenesis.
    • Investigate their utility as early diagnostic markers or tools to track disease progression in live animals.
    • Assess the feasibility of targeting specific ncRNAs therapeutically to slow or halt OA development.
  • This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for guiding future functional studies on ncRNAs in equine joint disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Khaliji E, Wong TS, Barker CM, Chen S, Cassano JM. (2026). Non-coding RNA profiles associated with equine osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci, 13, 1917722. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1917722

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Pages: 1917722
PII: 1917722

Researcher Affiliations

Khaliji, Elham
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
Wong, Talia Sonnenschein
  • Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vector-borne Diseases, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
Barker, Christopher Michael
  • Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vector-borne Diseases, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
Chen, Shuai
  • Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
Cassano, Jennifer Michelle
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 76 references
  1. Schlueter AE, Orth MW. Equine osteoarthritis: a brief review of the disease and its causes.. ECP (2004) 1:221–31.
    doi: 10.1079/ECP200428google scholar: lookup
  2. Sophia Fox AJ, Bedi A, Rodeo SA. The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function.. Sports Health (2009) 1:461–8.
    doi: 10.1177/1941738109350438pmc: PMC3445147pubmed: 23015907google scholar: lookup
  3. Roseti L, Desando G, Cavallo C, Petretta M, Grigolo B. Articular cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis.. Cells (2019) 8.
    doi: 10.3390/cells8111305pmc: PMC6912428pubmed: 31652798google scholar: lookup
  4. Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ.. Arthritis Rheum (2012) 64:1697–707.
    doi: 10.1002/art.34453pmc: PMC3366018pubmed: 22392533google scholar: lookup
  5. Bailey CJ, Reid SW, Hodgson DR, Rose RJ. Impact of injuries and disease on a cohort of two- and three-year-old thoroughbreds in training.. Vet Rec (1999) 145:487–93.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.145.17.487pubmed: 10596871google scholar: lookup
  6. United States Department of Agriculture. Lameness and Laminitis in U.S. Horses. Fort Collins, CO: National Animal Health Monitoring System, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS), Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH) (2000).
  7. Murray RC, Walters JM, Snart H, Dyson SJ, Parkin TDH. Identification of risk factors for lameness in dressage horses.. Vet J (2010) 184:27–36.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.03.020pubmed: 19369100google scholar: lookup
  8. Egenvall A, Tranquille CA, Lönnell AC, Bitschnau C, Oomen A, Hernlund E. Days-lost to training and competition in relation to workload in 263 elite show-jumping horses in four European countries.. Prev Vet Med (2013) 112:387–400.
    doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.09.013pubmed: 24125697google scholar: lookup
  9. Rossdale PD, Hopes R, Digby NJ, offord K. Epidemiological study of wastage among racehorses 1982 and 1983.. Vet Rec (1985) 116:66–69.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.116.3.66pubmed: 3976145google scholar: lookup
  10. Tong L, Yu H, Huang X, Shen J, Xiao G, Chen L. Current understanding of osteoarthritis pathogenesis and relevant new approaches.. Bone Res (2022) 10:60.
    doi: 10.1038/s41413-022-00226-9pmc: PMC9489702pubmed: 36127328google scholar: lookup
  11. McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis.. Bone Joint Res (2012) 1:297–309.
    doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.111.2000132pmc: PMC3626203pubmed: 23610661google scholar: lookup
  12. Lacourt M, Gao C, Li A, Girard C, Beauchamp G, Henderson JE. Relationship between cartilage and subchondral bone lesions in repetitive impact trauma-induced equine osteoarthritis.. Osteoarthr Cartil (2012) 20:572–83.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.02.004pubmed: 22343573google scholar: lookup
  13. Smith AD, Morton AJ, Winter MD, Colahan PT, Ghivizzani S, Brown MP. Magnetic resonance imaging scoring of an experimental model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the equine carpus.. Vet Radiol Ultrasound (2016) 57:502–14.
    doi: 10.1111/vru.12369pmc: PMC5016209pubmed: 27198611google scholar: lookup
  14. Barley RDC, Adesida AB, Bagnall KM, Jomha NM. Immunohistochemical characterization of reparative tissue present in human osteoarthritic tissue.. Virchows Arch (2010) 456:561–9.
    doi: 10.1007/s00428-010-0890-zpubmed: 20182744google scholar: lookup
  15. Andersen C, Walters M, Bundgaard L, Berg LC, Vonk LA, Lundgren-Åkerlund E. Intraarticular treatment with integrin α10β1-selected mesenchymal stem cells affects microRNA expression in experimental post-traumatic osteoarthritis in horses.. Front Vet Sci (2024) 11:1374681.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1374681pmc: PMC11002141pubmed: 38596460google scholar: lookup
  16. Ali SA, Peffers MJ, Ormseth MJ, Jurisica I, Kapoor M. The non-coding RNA interactome in joint health and disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol (2021) 17:692–705.
    doi: 10.1038/s41584-021-00687-ypubmed: 34588660google scholar: lookup
  17. Palazzo AF, Lee ES. Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk?. Front Genet (2015) 6:2.
    doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00002pmc: PMC4306305pubmed: 25674102google scholar: lookup
  18. Nemeth K, Bayraktar R, Ferracin M, Calin GA. Non-coding RNAs in disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Nat Rev Genet (2024) 25:211–32.
    doi: 10.1038/s41576-023-00662-1pubmed: 37968332google scholar: lookup
  19. Rice SJ, Beier F, Young DA, Loughlin J. Interplay between genetics and epigenetics in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol (2020) 16:268–81.
    doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0407-3pubmed: 32273577google scholar: lookup
  20. Gu J, Rao W, Huo S, Fan T, Qiu M, Zhu H. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol (2022) 10:1092776.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1092776pmc: PMC9793335pubmed: 36582467google scholar: lookup
  21. Reynard LN, Barter MJ. Osteoarthritis year in review 2019: genetics, genomics and epigenetics. Osteoarthr Cartil (2020) 28:275–84.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.11.010pubmed: 31874234google scholar: lookup
  22. Vicente R, Noël D, Pers Y-M, Apparailly F, Jorgensen C. Deregulation and therapeutic potential of microRNAs in arthritic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol (2016) 12:211–20.
    doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.162pubmed: 26698025google scholar: lookup
  23. Esteller M. Non-coding RNAs in human disease. Nat Rev Genet (2011) 12:861–74.
    doi: 10.1038/nrg3074pubmed: 22094949google scholar: lookup
  24. Dieci G, Preti M, Montanini B. Eukaryotic snoRNAs: a paradigm for gene expression flexibility. Genomics (2009) 94:83–8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.05.002pubmed: 19446021google scholar: lookup
  25. Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Welting TJM, Peffers MJ. Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in musculoskeletal physiology and pathology. JBMR PLUS (2026) 10:ziag018.
    doi: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag018pmc: PMC12931454pubmed: 41743109google scholar: lookup
  26. Chabronova A, van den Akker G, Housmans BAC, Caron MMJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM. Depletion of SNORA33 Abolishes ψ of 28S-U4966 and Affects the Ribosome Translational Apparatus. Int J Mol Sci (2023) 24.
    doi: 10.3390/ijms241612578pmc: PMC10454564pubmed: 37628759google scholar: lookup
  27. Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Housmans BAC, Caron MMJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM. Ribosomal RNA-based epitranscriptomic regulation of chondrocyte translation and proteome in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil (2023) 31:374–85.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.12.010pubmed: 36621590google scholar: lookup
  28. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (2021) 372:n71.
    doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71pmc: PMC8005924pubmed: 33782057google scholar: lookup
  29. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; (2024).
  30. Yassin AM, AbuBakr HO, Abdelgalil AI, Farid OA, El-Behairy AM, Gouda EM. Circulating miR-146b and miR-27b are efficient biomarkers for early diagnosis of Equidae osteoarthritis.. Sci Rep (2023) 13:7966.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35207-3pmc: PMC10192321pubmed: 37198318google scholar: lookup
  31. McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis.. Bone Joint Res (2012) 1:297–309.
    doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.111.2000132pmc: PMC3626203pubmed: 23610661google scholar: lookup
  32. Anderson JR, Jacobsen S, Walters M, Bundgaard L, Diendorfer A, Hackl M. Small non-coding RNA landscape of extracellular vesicles from a post-traumatic model of equine osteoarthritis.. Front Vet Sci (2022) 9:901269.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.901269pmc: PMC9393553pubmed: 36003409google scholar: lookup
  33. Walters M, Skovgaard K, Heegaard PMH, Fang Y, Kharaz YA, Bundgaard L. Identification and characterization of temporal abundance of microRNAs in synovial fluid from an experimental equine model of osteoarthritis.. Equine Vet J (2025) 57:1138–50.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14456pmc: PMC12135755pubmed: 39775906google scholar: lookup
  34. Chabronova A, Walters M, Regårdh S, Jacobsen S, Bundgaard L, Anderson JR. Exploring the roles of snoRNA-induced ribosome heterogeneity in equine osteoarthritis.. Front Vet Sci (2025) 12:1562508.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1562508pmc: PMC12288042pubmed: 40709001google scholar: lookup
  35. Antunes J, Salcedo-Jiménez R, Lively S, Potla P, Coté N, Dubois M-S. microRNAs are differentially expressed in equine plasma of horses with osteoarthritis and osteochondritis dissecans versus control horses.. PLoS ONE (2024) 19:e0297303.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297303pmc: PMC10890772pubmed: 38394252google scholar: lookup
  36. Castanheira C, Balaskas P, Falls C, Ashraf-Kharaz Y, Clegg P, Burke K. Equine synovial fluid small non-coding RNA signatures in early osteoarthritis.. BMC Vet Res (2021) 17:26.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02707-7pmc: PMC7796526pubmed: 33422071google scholar: lookup
  37. Connard SS, Gaesser AM, Clarke EJ, Linardi RL, Even KM, Engiles JB. Plasma and synovial fluid extracellular vesicles display altered microRNA profiles in horses with naturally occurring post-traumatic osteoarthritis: an exploratory study.. J Am Vet Med Assoc (2024) 262:S83–96.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.24.02.0102pmc: PMC11132921pubmed: 38593834google scholar: lookup
  38. Mobasheri A, Henrotin Y. Biomarkers of (osteo)arthritis.. Biomarkers (2015) 20:513–8.
    doi: 10.3109/1354750X.2016.1140930pmc: PMC4840279pubmed: 26954784google scholar: lookup
  39. Kong H, Sun M-L, Zhang X-A, Wang X-Q. Crosstalk Among circRNA/lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in Osteoarthritis.. Front Cell Dev Biol (2021) 9:774370.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774370pmc: PMC8714905pubmed: 34977024google scholar: lookup
  40. Panagopoulos PK, Lambrou GI. The involvement of micrornas in osteoarthritis and recent developments: a narrative review.. MJR (2018) 29:67–79.
    doi: 10.31138/mjr.29.2.67pmc: PMC7046075pubmed: 32185303google scholar: lookup
  41. Sui C, Zhang L, Hu Y. MicroRNA-let-7a inhibition inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory injury of chondrocytes by targeting IL6R.. Mol Med Report (2019) 20:2633–40.
    doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10493pmc: PMC6691277pubmed: 31322277google scholar: lookup
  42. Qiu Z, Ma X, Xie J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xia C. miR-1307-5p regulates proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis by specifically inhibiting transforming growth factor beta-induced gene.. Am J Transl Res (2021) 13:7756–66.
    doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.70596pmc: PMC8340226pubmed: 34377252google scholar: lookup
  43. Ho PTB, Nguyen QD, Pham TTK, Tang AHN, Le LTT. ADAMTSL3—a potential direct target of miR-144-3p in chondrocyte cell.. MedPharmRes (2023) 7:41–7.
    doi: 10.32895/UMP.MPR.7.4.5google scholar: lookup
  44. Du B, Hao Y, Lu H, Wang R, Xu Z, Hao W. The clinical role of miR-744-5p in osteoarthritis and its regulation of chondrocyte inflammation through the modulation of thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) expression.. Int J Rheum Dis (2026) 29:e70596.
    pubmed: 41906361
  45. Lv H, Liu P, Hu H, Li X, Li P. MiR-98-5p plays suppressive effects on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury associated with osteoarthritis by targeting CASP3. J Orthop Surg Res (2024) 19:239.
    doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-04628-9pmc: PMC11015643pubmed: 38615043google scholar: lookup
  46. Ma Y, Wu Y, Chen J, Huang K, Ji B, Chen Z. miR-10a-5p promotes chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis by targeting HOXA1. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids (2019) 14:398–409.
    doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.012pmc: PMC6365368pubmed: 30731321google scholar: lookup
  47. Moulin D, Salone V, Koufany M, Clément T, Behm-Ansmant I, Branlant C. MicroRNA-29b contributes to collagens imbalance in human osteoarthritic and dedifferentiated articular chondrocytes. Biomed Res Int (2017) 2017:9792512.
    doi: 10.1155/2017/9792512pmc: PMC5458373pubmed: 28612031google scholar: lookup
  48. Shen S, Wu Y, Chen J, Xie Z, Huang K, Wang G. CircSERPINE2 protects against osteoarthritis by targeting miR-1271 and ETS-related gene. Ann Rheum Dis (2019) 78:826–36.
    doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214786pmc: PMC6579553pubmed: 30923232google scholar: lookup
  49. Song J, Lee M, Kim D, Han J, Chun C-H, Jin E-J. MicroRNA-181b regulates articular chondrocytes differentiation and cartilage integrity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2013) 431:210–4.
    doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.133pubmed: 23313477google scholar: lookup
  50. Lian C, Tao T, Su P, Liao Z, Wang X, Lei Y. Targeting miR-18a sensitizes chondrocytes to anticytokine therapy to prevent osteoarthritis progression. Cell Death Dis (2020) 11:947.
    doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-03155-9pmc: PMC7609664pubmed: 33144571google scholar: lookup
  51. Shi J, Guo K, Su S, Li J, Li C. miR-486-5p is upregulated in osteoarthritis and inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and migration by suppressing SMAD2. Mol Med Report (2018) 18:502–8.
    doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8931pubmed: 29749497google scholar: lookup
  52. Baloun J, Pekáčová A, Švec X, Kropáčková T, Horvathová V, Hulejová H. Circulating miRNAs in hand osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil (2023) 31:228–37.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.021pubmed: 36379393google scholar: lookup
  53. Kong R, Gao J, Si Y, Zhao D. Combination of circulating miR-19b-3p, miR-122-5p and miR-486-5p expressions correlates with risk and disease severity of knee osteoarthritis. Am J Transl Res (2017) 9:2852–64.
    pmc: PMC5489886pubmed: 28670374
  54. Wilson TG, Baghel M, Kaur N, Datta I, Loveless I, Potla P. Circulating miR-126-3p is a mechanistic biomarker for knee osteoarthritis. Nat Commun (2025) 16:2021.
    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57308-5pmc: PMC11868599pubmed: 40016267google scholar: lookup
  55. Tavallaee G, Rockel JS, Lively S, Kapoor M. Micrornas in synovial pathology associated with osteoarthritis. Front Med (2020) 7:376.
    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00376pmc: PMC7431695pubmed: 32850892google scholar: lookup
  56. Endisha H, Rockel J, Jurisica I, Kapoor M. The complex landscape of microRNAs in articular cartilage: biology, pathology, and therapeutic targets. JCI Insight (2018) 3.
    doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.121630pmc: PMC6171796pubmed: 30185670google scholar: lookup
  57. Leidinger P, Backes C, Rheinheimer S, Keller A, Meese E. Toward clinical applications of blood-borne miRNA signatures: the influence of the anticoagulant EDTA on miRNA abundance. PLoS ONE (2015) 10:e0143321.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143321pmc: PMC4658123pubmed: 26599228google scholar: lookup
  58. Mitchell AJ, Gray WD, Hayek SS, Ko Y-A, Thomas S, Rooney K. Platelets confound the measurement of extracellular miRNA in archived plasma. Sci Rep (2016) 6:32651.
    doi: 10.1038/srep32651pmc: PMC5020735pubmed: 27623086google scholar: lookup
  59. Wright K, de Silva K, Purdie AC, Plain KM. Comparison of methods for miRNA isolation and quantification from ovine plasma. Sci Rep (2020) 10:825.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57659-7pmc: PMC6972740pubmed: 31964966google scholar: lookup
  60. Zhong G, Long H, Ma S, Shunhan Y, Li J, Yao J. miRNA-335-5p relieves chondrocyte inflammation by activating autophagy in osteoarthritis.. Life Sci (2019) 226:164–72.
    doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.071pubmed: 30970265google scholar: lookup
  61. Skrzypa M, Szala D, Gablo N, Czech J, Pajak J, Kopanska M. miRNA-146a-5p is upregulated in serum and cartilage samples of patients with osteoarthritis.. Pol Przegl Chir (2019) 91:1–5.
    doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.0135pubmed: 31243168google scholar: lookup
  62. Wu C, Tian B, Qu X, Liu F, Tang T, Qin A. MicroRNAs play a role in chondrogenesis and osteoarthritis (review).. Int J Mol Med (2014) 34:13–23.
    doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1743pubmed: 24736803google scholar: lookup
  63. Mobasheri A, Rayman MP, Gualillo O, Sellam J, van der Kraan P, Fearon U. The role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.. Nat Rev Rheumatol (2017) 13:302–11.
    doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.50pubmed: 28381830google scholar: lookup
  64. Zhao C, Sun X, Li L. Biogenesis and function of extracellular miRNAs.. ExRNA (2019) 1:38.
    doi: 10.1186/s41544-019-0039-4google scholar: lookup
  65. Steinbusch MMF, Fang Y, Milner PI, Clegg PD, Young DA, Welting TJM. Serum snoRNAs as biomarkers for joint aging and post traumatic osteoarthritis.. Sci Rep (2017) 7:43558.
    doi: 10.1038/srep43558pmc: PMC5333149pubmed: 28252005google scholar: lookup
  66. Peffers MJ, Chabronova A, Balaskas P, Fang Y, Dyer P, Cremers A. SnoRNA signatures in cartilage aging and osteoarthritis.. Sci Rep (2020) 10:10641.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67446-zpmc: PMC7326970pubmed: 32606371google scholar: lookup
  67. Ripmeester EGJ, Caron MMJ, van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, Balaskas P. Impaired chondrocyte U3 snoRNA expression in osteoarthritis impacts the chondrocyte protein translation apparatus.. Sci Rep (2020) 10:13426.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70453-9pmc: PMC7417995pubmed: 32778764google scholar: lookup
  68. Kuyinu EL, Narayanan G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes.. J Orthop Surg Res (2016) 11:19.
    doi: 10.1186/s13018-016-0346-5pmc: PMC4738796pubmed: 26837951google scholar: lookup
  69. Wright C, Rajpurohit A, Burke EE, Williams C, Collado-Torres L, Kimos M. Comprehensive assessment of multiple biases in small RNA sequencing reveals significant differences in the performance of widely used methods.. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:513.
    doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-5870-3pmc: PMC6588940pubmed: 31226924google scholar: lookup
  70. Baghel M, Wilson TG, Ormseth M, Yousif P, Alkhatib A, Meysami A. Circulating microRNA profiles in early-stage osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.. Sci Rep (2025) 15:27612.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07922-6pmc: PMC12307603pubmed: 40730797google scholar: lookup
  71. Liu Y, Jing J, Yu H, Zhang J, Cao Q, Zhang X. Expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs in the cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal individuals.. Exp Ther Med (2021) 21:365.
    doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.9796pmc: PMC7903471pubmed: 33732338google scholar: lookup
  72. Forero DA, González-Giraldo Y, Castro-Vega LJ, Barreto GE. qPCR-based methods for expression analysis of miRNAs.. Biotechniques (2019) 67:192–9.
    doi: 10.2144/btn-2019-0065pubmed: 31560239google scholar: lookup
  73. Androvic P, Valihrach L, Elling J, Sjoback R, Kubista M. Two-tailed RT-qPCR: a novel method for highly accurate miRNA quantification.. Nucleic Acids Res (2017) 45:e144.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx588pmc: PMC5587787pubmed: 28911110google scholar: lookup
  74. Kang S-T, Hsieh Y-S, Feng C-T, Chen Y-T, Yang PE, Chen W-M. miPrimer: an empirical-based qPCR primer design method for small noncoding microRNA.. RNA (2018) 24:304–12.
    doi: 10.1261/rna.061150.117pmc: PMC5824350pubmed: 29208706google scholar: lookup
  75. Ding PN, Becker T, Bray V, Chua W, Ma Y, Xu B. Plasma next generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR-based detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients with advanced lung cancer treated with subsequent-line osimertinib. Thorac Cancer (2019) 10:1879–84.
    doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13154pmc: PMC6775001pubmed: 31414729google scholar: lookup
  76. Castanheira CIGD, Taylor S, Skiöldebrand E, Rubio-Martinez LM, Hackl M, Clegg PD. Synovial fluid and serum microrna signatures in equine osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci (2025) 26.
    doi: 10.20944/preprints202510.1668.v1pmc: PMC12652959pubmed: 41303673google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 107,012 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.
OmegaPrime+ Extra-Strength Omega-3 Oil - Mad Barn
NEW PRODUCT
OmegaPrime+
Extra-Strength Omega-3 Oil
Shop Now
×