Novel approach for detection of enteric viruses to enable syndrome surveillance of acute viral gastroenteritis.
Abstract: Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with viruses, particularly noroviruses, being the leading cause in developed countries. In The Netherlands, systematic surveillance of gastroenteritis outbreaks of suspected viral etiology was established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in 1994. Since 2002, the total number of outbreaks reported has been increasing, and with that comes the need for sensitive assays that can be performed quickly. In addition, the diagnostic demand changed so that now the proportion of samples from hospitals is higher and there is a need for patient-based test results. In order to target the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis, we reviewed our data on outbreaks of gastroenteritis and the prevalence of individual viruses to provide a priority list of viruses for which samples should be evaluated. Random primers were used to replace the separate specific primers for each virus used in the reverse transcription steps. The individual PCR assays were replaced by multiplex PCR assays. We employed a two-step method in which in the first step we screened for the most common causes of viral gastroenteritis, noroviruses of genogroup II and rotaviruses of group A, with equine arteritis virus used as the internal control. Subsequently, in the second step, two parallel PCR assays were developed for the detection of noroviruses of genogroup I and equine arteritis virus in one run and adenoviruses, sapoviruses, and astroviruses in the other run. The specificities of the assays were calculated to be 92.5% for the assay for noroviruses of genogroup I and 100% for the assays for all other viruses, the detection limits were equal for all viruses, and the turnaround time was reduced to 1 day compared to the at least 3 days required for the methods used previously. This approach allows the targeted, rapid, and cost-effective elucidation of the causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Publication Date: 2009-04-01 PubMed ID: 19339472PubMed Central: PMC2691081DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00307-09Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article presents a new method for faster and cost-effective detection of common enteric viruses for acute gastroenteritis surveillance.
Background of the Study
- The study examined a significant healthcare issue in The Netherlands given that acute gastroenteritis, primarily caused by viruses like noroviruses, is a prevailing disease in developed nations.
- The National Institute for Public Health and Environment in the country started systematic surveillance of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in 1994.
- As outbreaks have increased since 2002 and with a higher number of sample requirements from hospitals, the need for rapid and sensitive assays for patient-based test results became apparent.
The New Approach
- The researchers collated data on gastroenteritis outbreaks and virus prevalence to create a priority list of viruses that the samples should be evaluated for.
- Instead of using separate specific primers for the reverse transcription steps for each virus, the study used random primers.
- The individual polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, initially used for each virus, were replaced by multiplex PCR tests.
- A two-step method was developed where the most common causes of viral gastroenteritis, noroviruses of genogroup II and rotaviruses of group A, were screened first, using equine arteritis virus as an internal control.
- The second part of the method involves two simultaneous PCR tests for identifying noroviruses of genogroup I and equine arteritis virus in one batch, and adenoviruses, sapoviruses, and astroviruses in another.
Findings and Conclusion
- The precision of the tests was found to be quite high, with 92.5% specificity for noroviruses of genogroup I and 100% specificity for all other viruses.
- The detection limits were similar across all viruses covered.
- Compared to the previously used methods, the time taken for results was significantly reduced to just one day, from the initial three or more days it took earlier.
- Overall, the research presents a process that facilitates targeted, rapid, and cost-effective identification of causes in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Cite This Article
APA
Svraka S, van der Veer B, Duizer E, Dekkers J, Koopmans M, Vennema H.
(2009).
Novel approach for detection of enteric viruses to enable syndrome surveillance of acute viral gastroenteritis.
J Clin Microbiol, 47(6), 1674-1679.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00307-09 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands. Sanela.Svraka@RIVM.NL
MeSH Terms
- DNA Primers / genetics
- Disease Outbreaks
- Gastroenteritis / epidemiology
- Gastroenteritis / virology
- Humans
- Netherlands / epidemiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
- Prevalence
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Virus Diseases / epidemiology
- Virus Diseases / virology
- Viruses / classification
- Viruses / genetics
- Viruses / isolation & purification
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