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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(13); 1992; doi: 10.3390/ani15131992

Obesity-Associated Metabolomic and Functional Reprogramming in Neutrophils from Horses with Asthma.

Abstract: Equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by neutrophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and impaired pulmonary function. Obesity, increasingly prevalent among domestic horses, has been identified as a potential risk factor for exacerbating inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to explore whether obesity modifies neutrophil metabolism and inflammatory responses in horses affected by asthma. Six asthmatic horses in clinical remission were categorised into two groups: obese and non-obese, based on body condition score. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and peripheral blood neutrophil counts were significantly higher in obese horses, indicating a heightened systemic inflammatory state. Neutrophils from obese horses displayed a stronger oxidative burst following zymosan stimulation and elevated IL-1β gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide, suggesting a hyperinflammatory phenotype. Metabolomic profiling of neutrophils identified 139 metabolites, with notable differences in fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant alterations in fatty acid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glutathione-related pathways. Elevated levels of itaconate, citraconic acid, and citrate in obese horses indicate profound metabolic reprogramming within neutrophils. These results suggest that obesity promotes a distinct neutrophil phenotype marked by increased metabolic activity and heightened responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. This altered profile may contribute to the persistence or worsening of airway inflammation in asthmatic horses. The findings underscore the importance of addressing obesity in the clinical management of equine asthma and open avenues for further research into metabolic-targeted therapies in veterinary medicine.
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Publication Date: 2025-07-07 PubMed ID: 40646891PubMed Central: PMC12248518DOI: 10.3390/ani15131992Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how obesity, a common issue in domestic horses, affects the inflammation responses in horses suffering from asthma, a chronic respiratory disease. The findings suggest that obesity can enhance the metabolic activity and inflammatory responsiveness of neutrophils, potentially exacerbating asthma symptoms.

Understanding the Research

The researchers aimed to understand the relationship between obesity and inflammation in asthmatic horses by analyzing neutrophil metabolism and inflammatory responses in these animals. Neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, play crucial roles in inflammation and immune response.

  • Two groups of asthmatic horses, categorized as obese and non-obese using Body Condition Score, were used in the study.
  • Higher levels of interleukin-1β (a pro-inflammatory molecule) and increased neutrophil counts were found in the blood of obese horses. This indicated a stronger systemic inflammatory state in obese horses.
  • Upon stimulation with zymosan (a substance derived from yeast cell walls), neutrophils from obese horses generated a stronger oxidative burst, indicating a heightened inflammatory response.
  • Neutrophils from obese horses, when exposed to lipopolysaccharide (a potent inflammation trigger), showed higher expression of IL-1β gene, suggesting an enhanced pro-inflammatory phenotype.

Metabolomic Profiling

Metabolomic profiling of neutrophils from obese and non-obese horses was performed to look for differences in metabolite concentration which may be associated with obesity.

  • The profile revealed 139 different metabolites, with significant differences observed in fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates between the two groups.
  • Alterations in fatty acid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glutathione-related pathways were identified, possibly due to obesity.
  • The significantly higher levels of itaconate, citraconic acid, and citrate in obese horses indicate major metabolic reprogramming within the neutrophils.

Conclusions and Implications

The findings suggest that obesity can induce a distinct neutrophil phenotype characterized by increased metabolic activity and an enhanced response to inflammatory stimuli.

  • This altered profile may induce or worsen airway inflammation in asthmatic horses, which emphasizes the importance of managing obesity in these animals.
  • The study also opens up possibilities for more research into therapies targeted at metabolic pathways in veterinary medicine.

The study has added significant value to the understanding of how obesity can exacerbate inflammatory responses, an aspect that may have wider implications across human and veterinary medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Albornoz A, Morales B, Fernandez VB, Henriquez C, Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Moran G, Burgos RA. (2025). Obesity-Associated Metabolomic and Functional Reprogramming in Neutrophils from Horses with Asthma. Animals (Basel), 15(13), 1992. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131992

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 13
PII: 1992

Researcher Affiliations

Albornoz, Alejandro
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Morales, Beatriz
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Fernandez, Valentina Bernal
  • Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Henriquez, Claudio
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Quiroga, John
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Alarcón, Pablo
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Moran, Gabriel
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Burgos, Rafael A
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.

Grant Funding

  • 1230101 / Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientu00edfico y Tecnolu00f3gico

Conflict of Interest Statement

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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