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Veterinary research2016; 47(1); 110; doi: 10.1186/s13567-016-0398-x

Oestrous cycle-dependent equine uterine immune response to induced infectious endometritis.

Abstract: Infectious endometritis is a major cause of reduced pregnancy rates in horses. The objectives of this study were to establish a timeline of the innate immune response in the uterus of healthy horses and to investigate the oestrous cycle effect on this. Endometrial biopsies were collected from five horses before and at 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation of Escherichia coli, once in oestrus and once in dioestrus. They were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR, microbiology and histology. Neutrophil numbers increased from very low levels in the absence of inflammation to severe neutrophilia 3 h after inoculation. The concentrations of mRNAs for Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, NOD-like receptor NLRC5, tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidases 1 (TIMP1) and chemokines CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were all increased 3 h after inoculation of E. coli compared to levels detected prior to inoculation. Chemokine mRNA levels remained elevated for 48 h. Concentrations of mRNAs for the antimicrobial peptides equine β-defensin 1 (EBD1), lysozyme, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), lactoferrin and uteroferrin were increased between 3 and 12 h post inoculation. The gene for secreted phospholipase A (sPLA) was expressed constitutively. P19 uterocalin mRNA levels were higher in dioestrus than in oestrus over the first 24 h of inflammation. Neutrophils and many innate immune genes responded rapidly to the introduction of E. coli into the uterus, while the oestrous cycle stage had only a relatively minor effect on the response to E. coli. This study has delineated a useful model of innate immunity in infectious endometritis of healthy animals.
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Publication Date: 2016-11-08 PubMed ID: 27825391PubMed Central: PMC5101692DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0398-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a study carried out to examine the timeline of the uterus’s immune response in healthy horses, focusing on the influence of the oestrous cycle. The aim was to understand better the body’s defense mechanism against infectious endometritis, a significant cause of reduced pregnancy rates in horses.

Objective and Methodology

  • The primary aim of this research was to trace the timeframe of the immune response in the uterus of healthy horses following an induced endometritis, an inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus.
  • Another objective was to explore the effect of the oestrous cycle, the reproductive cycle in horses, on this immune response.
  • To achieve this, endometrial biopsies were taken from five horses at different times after the inoculation of Escherichia coli, a common bacterium known to cause endometritis. The biopsies were obtained once in oestrus and once in dioestrus, the two main stages of the horses’ oestrous cycle.
  • The biopsies were then analysed using quantitative real-time PCR, a technology used for detecting and quantifying specific DNA sequences, along with standard microbiological testing and histological analysis, which involves the examination of biological tissues to observe the appearance of diseased cells and tissues in very fine detail.

Findings

  • The researchers documented a significant increase in neutrophil numbers, a white blood cell that helps fight infection, from very low levels without inflammation to severe neutrophilia (an increase in neutrophils) within 3 hours after inoculation with E. coli.
  • They reported an increased expression of various innate immune genes and chemokines, which are proteins that induce directed chemotaxis (movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus) in nearby responsive cells, 3 hours after the inoculation compared to pre-inoculation levels.
  • The levels of the antimicrobial peptides, which are short proteins capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, also increased between 3 and 12 hours post-inoculation.
  • The research indicated an relatively minor effect of the oestrous cycle stage on the immune response to E. coli.

Conclusion

  • The study provided a practical model of innate immunity in infectious endometritis among healthy horses. Understanding this timeline of immune response, as well as the differing responses at different stages of the oestrous cycle, can significantly contribute to improved management and treatment of endometritis in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Marth CD, Firestone SM, Glenton LY, Browning GF, Young ND, Krekeler N. (2016). Oestrous cycle-dependent equine uterine immune response to induced infectious endometritis. Vet Res, 47(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0398-x

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 47
Issue: 1
Pages: 110
PII: 110

Researcher Affiliations

Marth, Christina D
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. christina.marth@unimelb.edu.au.
  • Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia. christina.marth@unimelb.edu.au.
Firestone, Simon M
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Glenton, Lisa Y
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
  • Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
Browning, Glenn F
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Young, Neil D
  • Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Krekeler, Natali
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
  • Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study Group, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Chemokines / physiology
  • Endometritis / immunology
  • Endometritis / microbiology
  • Endometritis / veterinary
  • Escherichia coli Infections / immunology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
  • Estrous Cycle / physiology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Immunity, Innate / immunology
  • Immunity, Innate / physiology
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Toll-Like Receptors / physiology
  • Uterus / immunology
  • Uterus / physiopathology

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Citations

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