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Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2019; 24(16); 1800349; doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.16.1800349

One Health approach for West Nile virus surveillance in the European Union: relevance of equine data for blood safety.

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) infection is notifiable in humans and equids in the European Union (EU). An area where a human case is detected is considered affected until the end of the mosquito transmission season (week 48) and blood safety measures have to be implemented. We used human and equine case notifications between 2013 and 2017 to define the WNV distribution in the EU and to investigate the relevance of using equine cases as a complementary trigger for blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases to the definition of an affected area would have a major impact on blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases where human cases have been reported in the past would increase the timeliness of blood safety measures with only a limited impact. Although the occurrence of human and/or equine cases confirms virus circulation in the EU, no evidence was found that occurrence of equine cases leads to human cases and vice versa. We conclude that information about equine data should contribute to raising awareness among public health experts and trigger enhanced surveillance. Further studies are required before extending the definition of affected areas to areas with human and/or equine cases.
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Publication Date: 2019-04-25 PubMed ID: 31014416PubMed Central: PMC6826348DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.16.1800349Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the use of an integrated human and animal surveillance approach for West Nile virus (WNV) in the European Union (EU). It investigates the impact of considering regions with equine (horse) cases of WNV, alongside human cases, in implementing blood safety measures and defining affected regions.

Study Methodology and Findings

  • The research utilized data collected from notifications of human and equine cases of WNV infection between the years 2013 and 2017. In the present context, an area is deemed ‘affected’ by WNV once a single human case is detected, and effectively remains in this status till week 48 (the end of mosquito transmission season).
  • The study aimed to better characterize the geographical distribution of WNV in the EU and analyze the potential of including equine cases as a supplemental trigger for the implementation of blood safety measures.
  • Findings from the study suggested that including areas affected by equine cases in the definition of an ‘affected area’ would have profound implications on the application of blood safety measures.
  • Considering regions with equine cases where prior human reports exist could potentially increase the timeliness of blood safety measures, although the impact could be limited.

Evaluation and Future Research

  • The researchers noted that while the presence of human or equine cases confirms the circulation of the WNV within the EU, they found no evidence to suggest that the occurrence of equine cases leads to human cases or vice versa.
  • The study concludes that information regarding equine cases can play an important role in raising awareness among public health officials, and could be instrumental in initiating enhanced surveillance.
  • However, the research suggests that before expanding the definition of ‘affected areas’ to include regions with human and/or equine cases, further studies need to be undertaken to understand the potential implications and benefits of such an approach.

Cite This Article

APA
Young JJ, Coulombier D, Domanović D, Zeller H, Gossner CM. (2019). One Health approach for West Nile virus surveillance in the European Union: relevance of equine data for blood safety. Euro Surveill, 24(16), 1800349. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.16.1800349

Publication

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
ISSN: 1560-7917
NlmUniqueID: 100887452
Country: Sweden
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 16
PII: 1800349

Researcher Affiliations

Young, Johanna J
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm.
Coulombier, Denis
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm.
Domanović, Dragoslav
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm.
Zeller, Hervé
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm.
Gossner, Céline M
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Safety
  • Culicidae / virology
  • Disease Notification / statistics & numerical data
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Disease Reservoirs / veterinary
  • European Union
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • One Health
  • Public Health
  • Public Health Surveillance / methods
  • West Nile Fever / blood
  • West Nile Fever / prevention & control
  • West Nile Fever / virology
  • West Nile virus / pathogenicity

Conflict of Interest Statement

None declared.

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Citations

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