Oral acetate supplementation after prolonged moderate intensity exercise enhances early muscle glycogen resynthesis in horses.
Abstract: Oral acetate supplementation enhances glycogen synthesis in some mammals. However, while acetate is a significant energy source for skeletal muscle at rest in horses, its effects on glycogen resynthesis are unknown. We hypothesized that administration of an oral sodium acetate-acetic acid solution with a typical grain and hay meal after glycogen-depleting exercise would result in a rapid appearance of acetate in blood with rapid uptake by skeletal muscle. It was further hypothesized that acetate taken up by muscle would be converted to acetyl CoA (and acetylcarnitine), which would be metabolized to CO2 and water via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, generating ATP within the mitochondria and thereby allowing glucose taken up by muscle to be preferentially incorporated into glycogen. Gluteus medius biopsies and jugular venous blood were sampled from nine exercise-conditioned horses on two separate occasions, at rest and for 24 h following a competition exercise test (CET) designed to simulate the speed and endurance test of a 3 day event. After the CETs, horses were allowed water ad libitum and either 8 l of a hypertonic sodium acetate-acetic acid solution via nasogastric gavage followed by a typical hay-grain meal (acetate treatment) or a hay-grain meal alone (control treatment). The CET significantly decreased muscle glycogen concentration by 21 and 17% in the acetate and control treatments, respectively. Acetate supplementation resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in plasma [acetate]. Skeletal muscle [acetyl CoA] and [acetylcarnitine] were increased at 4 h of recovery in the acetate treatment, suggesting substantial tissue extraction of the supplemented acetate. Acetate supplementation also resulted in an enhanced rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis during the initial 4 h of the recovery period compared with the control treatment; however, by 24 h of recovery there was no difference in glycogen replenishment between trials. It is concluded that oral acetate could be an alternative energy source in the horse.
Publication Date: 2009-05-08 PubMed ID: 19429643DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047068Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the impact of oral acetate supplements on the rate of muscle glycogen restoration in horses after prolonged exercise. The study found that acetate supplements, when administered with a typical meal, enhances the early stages of muscle glycogen re-synthesis.
Study Objective and Hypothesis
- The main goal of this research was to determine whether oral sodium acetate-acetic acid, given with a typical grain and hay meal after exhaustive exercise, would facilitate a rapid appearance of acetate in blood and its swift uptake by skeletal muscle.
- The researchers hypothesized that the acetate absorbed by the muscle would transform into acetyl CoA and acetylcarnitine, which are then metabolized into CO2 and water through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This would result in ATP creation in the mitochondria, allowing glucose brought up by the muscle to be primarily incorporated into glycogen.
Methodology
- The study involved biopsies of the Gluteus medius and blood samples from the jugular vein of nine conditioned horses at rest and for 24 hours following a simulated competition exercise test (CET).
- Post-CET, horses were given water freely and either a hypertonic sodium acetate-acetic acid solution via nasogastric gavage followed by a typical hay-grain meal (acetate treatment) or a hay-grain meal alone (control treatment).
Findings
- The CET substantially decreased the concentration of muscle glycogen by 21% under acetate treatment and 17% under control treatment.
- Acetate supplementation led to an instant and maintained increase in plasma acetate levels.
- The level of acetyl CoA and acetylcarnitine in the skeletal muscle increased at 4 hours of recovery under the acetate treatment, indicating significant tissue extraction of the supplemented acetate.
- Acetate supplementation enhanced the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis during the initial 4 hours of recovery compared with the control treatment. However, by 24 hours of recovery, there was no significant difference in glycogen replenishment between the two treatments.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that oral acetate can be considered as an alternative energy source for horses, as it enhances the early stages of muscle glycogen re-synthesis after prolonged exercise.
Cite This Article
APA
Waller AP, Geor RJ, Spriet LL, Heigenhauser GJ, Lindinger MI.
(2009).
Oral acetate supplementation after prolonged moderate intensity exercise enhances early muscle glycogen resynthesis in horses.
Exp Physiol, 94(8), 888-898.
https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047068 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1. awaller@uoguelph.ca
MeSH Terms
- Acetates / blood
- Acetic Acid / pharmacology
- Acetyl Coenzyme A / metabolism
- Acetylcarnitine / metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Exercise Test / veterinary
- Female
- Glycogen / biosynthesis
- Glycogen / metabolism
- Horses
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Sodium Acetate / metabolism
- Sodium Acetate / pharmacology
Citations
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