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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022; 11(5); 539; doi: 10.3390/pathogens11050539

Oral Administration of Valganciclovir Reduces Clinical Signs, Virus Shedding and Cell-Associated Viremia in Ponies Experimentally Infected with the Equid Herpesvirus-1 C2254 Variant.

Abstract: Equid alphaherpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is one of the main pathogens in horses, responsible for respiratory diseases, ocular diseases, abortions, neonatal foal death and neurological complications such as equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Current vaccines reduce the excretion and dissemination of the virus and, therefore, the extent of an epizooty. While their efficacy against EHV-1-induced abortion in pregnant mares and the decreased occurrence of an abortion storm in the field have been reported, their potential efficacy against the neurological form of disease remains undocumented. No antiviral treatment against EHV-1 is marketed and recommended to date. This study aimed to measure the protection induced by valganciclovir (VGCV), the prodrug of ganciclovir, in Welsh mountain ponies experimentally infected with an EHV-1 ORF30-C strain. Four ponies were administered VGCV immediately prior to experimental EHV-1 infection, while another four ponies received a placebo. The treatment consisted in 6.5 mg/kg body weight of valganciclovir administered orally three times the first day and twice daily for 13 days. Clinical signs of disease, virus shedding and viraemia were measured for up to 3 weeks. The severity of the cumulative clinical score was significantly reduced in the treated group when compared with the control group. Shedding of infectious EHV-1 was significantly reduced in the treated group when compared with the control group between Day + 1 (D + 1) and D + 12. Viraemia was significantly reduced in the treated group when compared with the control group. Seroconversion was measured in all the ponies included in the study, irrespective of the treatment received. Oral administration of valganciclovir induced no noticeable side effect but reduced clinical signs of disease, infectious virus shedding and viraemia in ponies experimentally infected with the EHV-1 C variant.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-04 PubMed ID: 35631060PubMed Central: PMC9148010DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050539Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study evaluates the efficacy of the antiviral drug valganciclovir in reducing disease symptoms and viral shedding in ponies infected with the Equid herpesvirus-1. The results indicate that valganciclovir significantly lessens disease severity and viral spread in ponies experimentally infected with EHV-1 without causing noticeable side effects.

About Equid Herpesvirus-1 and Current Vaccines

  • Equid alphaherpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a potent pathogen in horses that causes a range of diseases, including respiratory and ocular disorders, abortions, and neurological complications.
  • The available vaccines can limit the spread of the virus, thereby reducing the scope of an outbreak.
  • These vaccines have shown results in preventing EHV-1-induced abortions in pregnant mares and decrease the incidence of abortion storms in the field.
  • However, the efficacy of current vaccines against the neurological form of the disease is unproven.
  • No specific antiviral treatment against EHV-1 is available and recommended currently.

The Experiment and Procedure

  • The study aimed to assess the protective effects of valganciclovir (VGCV), a prodrug of ganciclovir, on Welsh mountain ponies infected deliberately with an EHV-1 ORF30-C strain.
  • A total of eight ponies were divided into two groups: a treatment group that received VGCV and a placebo group.
  • The ponies in the treatment group were given 6.5 mg/kg body weight of VGCV orally thrice on the first day and twice daily for 13 days.

Observations and Results

  • The researchers observed clinical disease signs, virus shedding, and viraemia for up to 3 weeks.
  • The cumulative clinical score – a measure of disease severity – was significantly lesser in the VGCV-treated group compared to the placebo group.
  • Infectious EHV-1 shedding – a measure of viral spread – was also significantly less in the treated group between Day 1 and Day 12 when compared to the control group.
  • Similarly, viraemia – the presence of viruses in the blood – was significantly reduced in the treated group compared to the control group.
  • All the ponies in the study – irrespective of whether they received VGCV or a placebo – showed seroconversion, an indication of a developing immune response.

Conclusion

  • Oral administration of VGCV resulted in a significant reduction of clinical disease signs, infectious virus shedding, and viraemia in ponies experimentally infected with the EHV-1 C variant.
  • These benefits were achieved without any noticeable side effects, indicating the potential use of VGCV as a safe and effective treatment for EHV-1 infection in ponies.

Cite This Article

APA
Thieulent CJ, Sutton G, Toquet MP, Fremaux S, Hue E, Fortier C, Pléau A, Deslis A, Abrioux S, Guitton E, Pronost S, Paillot R. (2022). Oral Administration of Valganciclovir Reduces Clinical Signs, Virus Shedding and Cell-Associated Viremia in Ponies Experimentally Infected with the Equid Herpesvirus-1 C2254 Variant. Pathogens, 11(5), 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050539

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
PII: 539

Researcher Affiliations

Thieulent, Côme J
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN EA 7450, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Sutton, Gabrielle
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN EA 7450, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Toquet, Marie-Pierre
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN EA 7450, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Fremaux, Samuel
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Hue, Erika
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN EA 7450, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • ImpedanCELL, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Fortier, Christine
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN EA 7450, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • ImpedanCELL, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Pléau, Alexis
  • INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme D'infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Deslis, Alain
  • INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme D'infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Abrioux, Stéphane
  • INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme D'infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Guitton, Edouard
  • INRAE, UE-1277 Plateforme D'infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Pronost, Stéphane
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN EA 7450, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • ImpedanCELL, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
Paillot, Romain
  • LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • BIOTARGEN EA 7450, Normandie University, UNICAEN, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
  • School of Equine and Veterinary Physiotherapy, Writtle University College, Lordship Road, Writtle, Chelmsford CM1 3RR, UK.

Grant Funding

  • 17E01598/17EP04324 / Normandy County Council
  • 2017-008 / Institut Franu00e7ais du Cheval et de l'u00c9quitation
  • GIS19 LAB02 / CENTAURE European project co-funded by Normandy County Council, European Union in the framework of the ERDF-ESF operational programme 2014-2020 and CENTAURE Scientific Groupement
  • OVERLORD N12-2017 / Fonds Eperon

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Black JB, Frampton AR. Anti-inflammatory compounds reduce equine herpesvirus type 1 replication and cell-to-cell spread. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1165917.
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  2. Normand C, Thieulent CJ, Fortier C, Sutton G, Senamaud-Beaufort C, Jourdren L, Blugeon C, Vidalain PO, Pronost S, Hue ES. A Screening Study Identified Decitabine as an Inhibitor of Equid Herpesvirus 4 That Enhances the Innate Antiviral Response. Viruses 2024 May 8;16(5).
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