Outcome following computed tomographic imaging and subsequent surgical removal of keratomas in equids: 32 cases (2005-2016).

This research evaluates the use of CT (Computed Tomography) scans for diagnosis and planning for surgery in horses and mules affected by keratomas. It establishes that CT scans are valuable and lead to a low rate of surgical complications.

Overview of the Study

• The research was a retrospective case series, using data collected from cases of keratomas, a type of growth under the hooves, in 29 horses and 3 mules.
• The animals were treated by partial or complete hoof wall resection—a surgical technique to remove keratomas—following CT imaging of the lower part of the affected extremity.

Methods

• For each animal, a physical examination and lameness evaluation were performed, followed by imaging of the lower portion of the affected limb.
• A preliminary diagnosis of keratoma was given based on results of the clinical, radiographic, and CT examination.
• A definitive diagnosis was made after histologic study—examination of tissues under a microscope.
• Post CT imaging, the affected animals were treated by hoof wall resection—an operation to remove the keratoma.

Results and Outcome

• CT scans accurately identified the size and location of 35 keratomas in 33 individual foot lesions.
• Of these, 30 animals underwent partial hoof wall resection, while 2 underwent complete hoof wall resection for the removal of the keratoma.
• Postoperative complications occurred in 13% of the animals. These included excessive tissue growth at the surgical site, worsening lameness, suspected regrowth of the keratoma, and incomplete healing of the surgical site leading to joint sepsis.
• Despite these complications, 90% of the animals returned to their previous activity level, indicating a mostly positive outcome of the surgical treatment.

Conclusion

• The study concludes that preoperative CT scans are beneficial in diagnosing keratomas and planning for surgical procedures in equids.
• The surgical procedure described in the study resulted in a low complication rate.