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Biology of reproduction1994; 50(2); 225-232; doi: 10.1095/biolreprod50.2.225

Ovarian follicular growth and development in mammals.

Abstract: Evidence from several species indicates that the initial stages of follicular growth proceed very slowly. In contrast, the stages after antrum formation are much more rapid. Atresia seems to be most prevalent as follicles approach the size at which they could be recruited for potential ovulation. Although most follicles become atretic around that stage, a few are recruited into a cohort or wave of follicles that continue to grow beyond the stage at which atresia normally occurs. Next, a species-specific number of follicles is selected for dominance. In some species (e.g. rats, primates, pigs), dominant follicles develop only during the follicular phase and are thus destined for ovulation. In another group of species (e.g. cattle, sheep, horses), recruitment, selection, and dominance occur at regular intervals, but only the dominant follicle present during the follicular phase ovulates. There is evidence that the mechanism that allows some follicles to be recruited for potential dominance/ovulation is a small elevation in basal FSH that, by chance, occurs around the time the follicle would normally begin atresia. Some recruited follicles are saved from atresia for only a short time. Only the dominant follicle(s) selected from among the recruited follicles grows to ovulatory or near-ovulatory size. What determines which follicle(s) becomes dominant is not known, but dominance appears to be maintained by negative feedback effects of products of the dominant follicle on circulating FSH. Selection and dominance are accompanied by progressive increases in the ability of thecal cells to produce androgen and granulosa cells to aromatize androgen to estradiol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Publication Date: 1994-02-01 PubMed ID: 8142540DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod50.2.225Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the process of follicular growth in mammals, highlighting the mechanisms that dictate which follicles will grow to the point of ovulation, and which will undergo atresia or disintegration. It further examines the hormonal influences on these processes with a particular focus on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the production and transformation of androgens within the follicle.

Follicular Growth Stages

  • The study highlights that the initial stages of follicular growth in mammals proceed slowly, while the stages following the formation of the antrum (a fluid-filled cavity) occur much quicker.
  • The point of transition between the slower and quicker phases of follicular growth seems marked by atresia, a process of organized follicular disintegration.

Follicle Recruitment

  • While many follicles undergo atresia as they reach the size suitable for ovulation, some are recruited, forming a ‘wave’ that continues to grow beyond the typical atresia stage.
  • A species-specific number of these follicles is selected for dominance, varied processes occur across different species; with some species (like rats, primates, pigs) showing follicle dominance only during the follicular phase (thus destined for ovulation).
  • In other species (like cattle, sheep, horses), processes of recruitment, selection, and dominance occur at regular intervals, but only the dominant follicle present during the follicular phase ovulates.

Role of FSH and Other Factors

  • There is an indication that an elevation in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) enables some follicles to be recruited for potential dominance and ovulation.
  • Among the recruited follicles, some are only saved from atresia temporarily, and only selected dominant follicles will grow to an ovulatory or near-ovulatory size.
  • Exactly what determines which follicles will become dominant remains unknown, but it seems likely that the dominance is maintained by negative feedback effects of products of the dominant follicle on circulating FSH.

Androgen and Estradiol Production

  • As selection and dominance processes progress, there are increases in the ability of thecal (outer) cells of the follicle to produce androgen, and granulosa (inner) cells to convert these androgens to estradiol, a form of estrogen.

Cite This Article

APA
Fortune JE. (1994). Ovarian follicular growth and development in mammals. Biol Reprod, 50(2), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod50.2.225

Publication

Biology of reproduction
ISSN: 0006-3363
NlmUniqueID: 0207224
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 50
Issue: 2
Pages: 225-232

Researcher Affiliations

Fortune, J E
  • Department and Section of Physiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones / metabolism
  • Ovarian Follicle / physiology
  • Ovulation / physiology
  • Species Specificity
  • Time Factors

Grant Funding

  • HD14584 / NICHD NIH HHS

Citations

This article has been cited 133 times.
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