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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Palatability, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to various...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2023; 37(1); 282-291; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16614

Palatability, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to various carbohydrate formulations: Alternatives for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation in horses?

Abstract: Oral glycemic challenge (GC) tests are recommended for diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID). Various protocols are used, but all have limitations in terms of palatability, ease of use, variable composition, geographic availability, or some combination of these. Objective: To evaluate newly developed formulations with defined carbohydrate composition for use as oral GCs. Methods: Thirty-four horses and ponies in various metabolic states. Methods: Our objectives were carried out in 2 separate cross-over experiments. First, the palatability and acceptance of various GCs (2 syrups, 1 granulate) offered for free intake were compared to glucose mixed in a chaff-based diet. Subsequently, syrups were administered by syringe and compared to an oral glucose test using naso-gastric tubing (tube OGT) to investigate the glycemic and insulinemic responses. Second, these variables were compared in the best performing GC-formulations (granulate further optimized to pelleted formulation and 1 syrup) and a tube OGT. All GCs were administered with equivalent amounts of 0.5 g glycemic carbohydrates per kg body weight. Results: Only the GC pellets were consumed completely by all horses (consumption time 5 ± 2 min). When administered by syringe, the GC syrup also was well accepted. The insulin concentrations at 120 min correlated significantly between tube OGT and GC pellets (r = .717; P < .001) or GC syrup (r = .913; P < .001). The new GC syrup and GC pellets discriminate between healthy and ID horses. Conclusions: The GC pellets (DysChEq)™ and GC syrup can be used as palatable and well-accepted oral GC tests for assessment of ID in horses.
© 2023 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH and The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-10 PubMed ID: 36625459PubMed Central: PMC9889704DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16614Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research studies the efficacy of new oral glycemic challenge (GC) tests designed for diagnosing insulin dysregulation in horses. These new tests are developed to overcome existing limitations such as palatability and ease of use, among others. The study concluded that two new formulations of GC-tests (syrup and pellets) could successfully diagnose insulin dysregulation in horses.

Study Method

  • The researchers conducted this study in two separate crossover experiments involving 34 horses and ponies in varied metabolic states.
  • The first experiment assessed the palatability and acceptance of various GC tests, offering them for free intake to horses. The provided GCs ranged from two syrups to one granulate type, and a comparison was drawn with glucose mixed in a chaff-based diet.
  • After the free intake, the syrups were administered by syringe and compared to an oral glucose test using naso-gastric tubing to study the glycemic and insulinemic responses.
  • The second experiment compared the glycemic and insulinemic responses in the best performing GC-formulations from the first experiment (granulate further optimized to pelleted formulation and one syrup) with a tube OGT test.
  • All GCs were provided in equivalent amounts which was 0.5 g glycemic carbohydrates per kg body weight to maintain consistency.

Results and Conclusion

  • The GC pellets were the most accepted type of GCs among the horses. Every horse consumed the pellets completely within an average of 5 ± 2 minutes.
  • Apart from pellets, GC syrup was also well accepted when administered through a syringe.
  • The insulin levels at 120 minutes correlated significantly between tube OGT and GC pellets (r = .717; P < .001) or GC syrup (r = .913; P < .001). It indicates that the responses to GC pellets and GC syrup were similar to the responses from an oral glucose test.
  • Both the new GC syrup and GC pellets yielded results that could differentiate between healthy horses and those showing signs of insulin dysregulation.
  • The study concluded that the GC pellets (DysChEq)™ and GC syrup can be considered palatable, well-accepted, and effective oral GC test options for detecting insulin dysregulation in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Warnken T, Schaub C, Delarocque J, Frers F, Feige K, Sonntag J, Reiche DB. (2023). Palatability, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to various carbohydrate formulations: Alternatives for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation in horses? J Vet Intern Med, 37(1), 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16614

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 282-291

Researcher Affiliations

Warnken, Tobias
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Schaub, Claudia
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Delarocque, Julien
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Frers, Florian
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Feige, Karsten
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Sonntag, Johanna
  • Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
Reiche, Dania Birte
  • Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Insulin / metabolism
  • Blood Glucose
  • Glucose
  • Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH

Conflict of Interest Statement

The study was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH. Tobias Warnken has consulted for and received research funding related to the EMS from Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH. Dania Reiche and Johanna Sonntag are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH. At the time of study execution and manuscript preparation Tobias Warnken was employed at the Clinic for Horses at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover.

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