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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(8); doi: 10.3390/ani12081038

Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration.

Abstract: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity can modify cardiovascular parameters in response to nociceptive stimuli or drugs in anesthetized animals. The aim of this study was to determine if a surgical nociceptive stimulus and morphine, ketamine, and dobutamine administration would modify ANS activity observed as a change in the mean parasympathetic tone activity (PTAm) in anesthetized horses. In 20 anesthetized horses, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and PTAm were monitored before and 1, 3, and 5 min after surgical incision, and before and 10 min after the administration of morphine (0.2 mg/kg IV). If nystagmus or spontaneous ventilation was observed, ketamine (0.5 mg/kg IV) was given, and the three variables were registered before and 3 and 5 min afterward. If MAP reached ≤62 mmHg, a dobutamine infusion was administered, and the three variables were recorded before and 5 min after starting/increasing the infusion (0.25 μg/kg/min IV every 5 min). The three variables were registered before and 1, 3, and 5 min after a PTAm decrease of ≥20%, HR increase of ≥10%, or MAP increase of ≥20%. The PTAm decreased 3 min after the administration of ketamine and 1 min after a PTA event. The surgical incision, dobutamine, and morphine did not modify PTAm. The absence of changes in ANS activity after the nociceptive stimulus and lack of correlation between PTAm and HR or MAP suggest that PTAm is a poor indicator of sympathetic activation under the study conditions. Ketamine seems to affect ANS activity by decreasing PTAm.
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Publication Date: 2022-04-15 PubMed ID: 35454284PubMed Central: PMC9027407DOI: 10.3390/ani12081038Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates how surgery and certain drugs affect the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in anesthetized horses, as measured by parasympathetic tone activity (PTAm). It found that ketamine lowers PTAm, while dobutamine, morphine, and surgery had no effect. The findings also suggest that PTAm may not be a reliable indicator of the level of sympathetic nervous system activation under these circumstances.

Study Aim and Methodology

  • This research aimed to observe changes in ANS activity—specifically PTAm levels—in anesthetized horses following a surgical incision, and the administration of three drugs, namely morphine, ketamine, and dobutamine.
  • The experiment was carried out on 20 anesthetized horses.
  • Researchers maintained a vigilant observation of the horses’ heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and PTAm.
  • These parameters were noted before and at specified intervals after the surgical incision, and the drug infusions.
  • If any adverse reactions like spontaneous ventilation or nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) were noted, ketamine was administered.
  • In case of a drop in MAP to ≤62 mmHg, dobutamine was given.

Results and Observations

  • The study results indicate that ketamine infusion caused a decrease in PTAm 3 minutes after administration.
  • However, other stimuli, including dobutamine intake, surgery, and morphine, did not bring about any significant changes in PTAm.
  • The PTAm also decreased 1 minute following a PTAm event that showed a decrease of ≥20%.
  • Mirroring increases in HR and MAP did not correlate with any substantial changes in PTAm, indicating that using PTAm as an indicator of sympathetic activation may not yield accurate results in these conditions.

Conclusion of the Study

  • The research established that, under the specific conditions of the study, PTAm may not be a reliable measure of sympathetic nervous system activation.
  • The administered ketamine was noted to influence ANS activity by decreasing PTAm.
  • However, the surgical incisions and the drugs morphine and dobutamine did not elicit significant changes in PTAm.
  • In conclusion, the interaction of various drugs and physical stimuli with the ANS and their subsequent effect on PTAm needs to be investigated further for improved understanding and potential clinical applications.

Cite This Article

APA
Ruíz-López P, Morgaz J, Quirós-Carmona S, Navarrete-Calvo R, Domínguez JM, Gómez-Villamandos RJ, Granados MM. (2022). Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration. Animals (Basel), 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081038

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 8

Researcher Affiliations

Ruíz-López, Patricia
  • Department of Surgery and Anesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Morgaz, Juan
  • Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
Quirós-Carmona, Setefilla
  • Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
Navarrete-Calvo, Rocío
  • Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
Domínguez, Juan Manuel
  • Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
Gómez-Villamandos, Rafael Jesús
  • Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
Granados, M M
  • Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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This article has been cited 8 times.
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