FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021; 118(16); e2006474118; doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006474118

Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta.

Abstract: Most autosomal genes in the placenta show a biallelic expression pattern. However, some genes exhibit allele-specific transcription depending on the parental origin of the chromosomes on which the copy of the gene resides. Parentally expressed genes are involved in the reciprocal interaction between maternal and paternal genes, coordinating the allocation of resources between fetus and mother. One of the main challenges of studying parental-specific allelic expression (allele-specific expression [ASE]) in the placenta is the maternal cellular remnant at the fetomaternal interface. Horses () have an epitheliochorial placenta in which both the endometrial epithelium and the epithelium of the chorionic villi are juxtaposed with minimal extension into the uterine mucosa, yet there is no information available on the allelic gene expression of equine chorioallantois (CA). In the current study, we present a dataset of 1,336 genes showing ASE in the equine CA (https://pouya-dini.github.io/equine-gene-db/) along with a workflow for analyzing ASE genes. We further identified 254 potentially imprinted genes among the parentally expressed genes in the equine CA and evaluated the expression pattern of these genes throughout gestation. Our gene ontology analysis implies that maternally expressed genes tend to decrease the length of gestation, while paternally expressed genes extend the length of gestation. This study provides fundamental information regarding parental gene expression during equine pregnancy, a species with a negligible amount of maternal cellular remnant in its placenta. This information will provide the basis for a better understanding of the role of parental gene expression in the placenta during gestation.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-04-16 PubMed ID: 33853939PubMed Central: PMC8072238DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006474118Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Dataset
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article studies the expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta, focusing especially on those genes with a bias towards either parent. The researchers have compiled a dataset of over 1300 genes that exhibit differential expression and identified 254 that could potentially be ‘imprinted’ or preferentially expressed depending on the parent.

Understanding Parental Gene Expression

  • Some genes in the placenta exhibit a pattern of transcription that depends on which parent’s chromosome they are on, termed as parentally expressed genes.
  • These genes are crucial in balancing resource allocation between the fetus and mother.
  • Research into these allele-specific expressions (ASE) faces the challenge of the maternal cellular remnant at the fetomaternal interface.
  • The study specifically focuses on the equine placenta where no data was previously available on allele-specific gene expression.

Parental Gene Expression in the Horse

  • Horses have an epitheliochorial placenta, where the endometrial epithelium and the epithelium of the chorionic villi coexist with minimal intrusion into the uterine mucosa.
  • This type of placenta has a negligible amount of maternal cellular remnants, making it an interesting object of study for ASE genes.
  • The study presents a dataset of 1,336 genes showing ASE in the equine chorioallantois (part of the placenta) and a method for analyzing such gene expressions.
  • Additionally, the authors identified 254 potentially imprinted – parentally dependent – genes.

Implications and Applications

  • Analysis suggests maternally expressed genes may decrease gestation length, whereas paternally expressed genes might increase it.
  • This study provides foundational information about the role of parental gene expression in equine pregnancies.
  • The implications could extend to a broader understanding of parentally expressed genes in different species and scenarios.

Cite This Article

APA
Dini P, Kalbfleisch T, Uribe-Salazar JM, Carossino M, Ali HE, Loux SC, Esteller-Vico A, Norris JK, Anand L, Scoggin KE, Rodriguez Lopez CM, Breen J, Bailey E, Daels P, Ball BA. (2021). Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 118(16), e2006474118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006474118

Publication

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 1091-6490
NlmUniqueID: 7505876
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 118
Issue: 16
PII: e2006474118

Researcher Affiliations

Dini, Pouya
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
Kalbfleisch, Theodore
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202.
Uribe-Salazar, José M
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
Carossino, Mariano
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Ali, Hossam El-Sheikh
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
  • Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Loux, Shavahn C
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Esteller-Vico, Alejandro
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Norris, Jamie K
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Anand, Lakshay
  • Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.
Scoggin, Kirsten E
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Rodriguez Lopez, Carlos M
  • Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.
Breen, James
  • South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Bailey, Ernest
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Daels, Peter
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
Ball, Barry A
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503; b.a.ball@uky.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Alleles
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Gene Expression / genetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics
  • Genomic Imprinting / genetics
  • Genomic Imprinting / physiology
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Placenta / metabolism
  • Placentation / genetics
  • Pregnancy

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interest.

References

This article includes 117 references
  1. Rossant J, Cross JC. Placental development: lessons from mouse mutants.. Nat Rev Genet 2001 Jul;2(7):538-48.
    pubmed: 11433360doi: 10.1038/35080570google scholar: lookup
  2. Adamson SL, Lu Y, Whiteley KJ, Holmyard D, Hemberger M, Pfarrer C, Cross JC. Interactions between trophoblast cells and the maternal and fetal circulation in the mouse placenta.. Dev Biol 2002 Oct 15;250(2):358-73.
    pubmed: 12376109doi: 10.1016/s0012-1606(02)90773-6google scholar: lookup
  3. Sood R, Zehnder JL, Druzin ML, Brown PO. Gene expression patterns in human placenta.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 Apr 4;103(14):5478-83.
    pmc: PMC1414632pubmed: 16567644doi: 10.1073/pnas.0508035103google scholar: lookup
  4. Gheorghe CP, Goyal R, Mittal A, Longo LD. Gene expression in the placenta: maternal stress and epigenetic responses.. Int J Dev Biol 2010;54(2-3):507-23.
    pmc: PMC2830734pubmed: 19876832doi: 10.1387/ijdb.082770cggoogle scholar: lookup
  5. Gimelbrant A, Hutchinson JN, Thompson BR, Chess A. Widespread monoallelic expression on human autosomes.. Science 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1136-40.
    pubmed: 18006746doi: 10.1126/science.1148910google scholar: lookup
  6. Chess A. Monoallelic Gene Expression in Mammals.. Annu Rev Genet 2016 Nov 23;50:317-327.
    pubmed: 27893959doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120215-035120google scholar: lookup
  7. Ferguson-Smith AC. Genomic imprinting: the emergence of an epigenetic paradigm.. Nat Rev Genet 2011 Jul 18;12(8):565-75.
    pubmed: 21765458doi: 10.1038/nrg3032google scholar: lookup
  8. Metsalu T, Viltrop T, Tiirats A, Rajashekar B, Reimann E, Kõks S, Rull K, Milani L, Acharya G, Basnet P, Vilo J, Mägi R, Metspalu A, Peters M, Haller-Kikkatalo K, Salumets A. Using RNA sequencing for identifying gene imprinting and random monoallelic expression in human placenta.. Epigenetics 2014 Oct;9(10):1397-409.
    pmc: PMC4623103pubmed: 25437054doi: 10.4161/15592294.2014.970052google scholar: lookup
  9. Ono R, Nakamura K, Inoue K, Naruse M, Usami T, Wakisaka-Saito N, Hino T, Suzuki-Migishima R, Ogonuki N, Miki H, Kohda T, Ogura A, Yokoyama M, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F. Deletion of Peg10, an imprinted gene acquired from a retrotransposon, causes early embryonic lethality.. Nat Genet 2006 Jan;38(1):101-6.
    pubmed: 16341224doi: 10.1038/ng1699google scholar: lookup
  10. Sibley CP, Coan PM, Ferguson-Smith AC, Dean W, Hughes J, Smith P, Reik W, Burton GJ, Fowden AL, Constância M. Placental-specific insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) regulates the diffusional exchange characteristics of the mouse placenta.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004 May 25;101(21):8204-8.
    pmc: PMC419581pubmed: 15150410doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402508101google scholar: lookup
  11. Charalambous M, Cowley M, Geoghegan F, Smith FM, Radford EJ, Marlow BP, Graham CF, Hurst LD, Ward A. Maternally-inherited Grb10 reduces placental size and efficiency.. Dev Biol 2010 Jan 1;337(1):1-8.
    pubmed: 19833122doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.10.011google scholar: lookup
  12. Plasschaert RN, Bartolomei MS. Genomic imprinting in development, growth, behavior and stem cells.. Development 2014 May;141(9):1805-13.
    pmc: PMC3994769pubmed: 24757003doi: 10.1242/dev.101428google scholar: lookup
  13. Allen WR. Factors influencing pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin production.. Nature 1969 Jul 5;223(5201):64-5.
    pubmed: 5792429doi: 10.1038/223064a0google scholar: lookup
  14. Robinson WP, Price EM. The human placental methylome.. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015 Feb 26;5(5):a023044.
    pmc: PMC4448590pubmed: 25722473doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023044google scholar: lookup
  15. Jacob KJ, Robinson WP, Lefebvre L. Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes: opposite developmental imbalances in imprinted regulators of placental function and embryonic growth.. Clin Genet 2013 Oct;84(4):326-34.
    pubmed: 23495910doi: 10.1111/cge.12143google scholar: lookup
  16. Frost JM, Moore GE. The importance of imprinting in the human placenta.. PLoS Genet 2010 Jul 1;6(7):e1001015.
    pmc: PMC2895656pubmed: 20617174doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001015google scholar: lookup
  17. Fisher RA, Hodges MD. Genomic imprinting in gestational trophoblastic disease--a review.. Placenta 2003 Apr;24 Suppl A:S111-8.
    pubmed: 12842422doi: 10.1053/plac.2002.0939google scholar: lookup
  18. Tomizawa S, Sasaki H. Genomic imprinting and its relevance to congenital disease, infertility, molar pregnancy and induced pluripotent stem cell.. J Hum Genet 2012 Feb;57(2):84-91.
    pubmed: 22237588doi: 10.1038/jhg.2011.151google scholar: lookup
  19. Kalish JM, Jiang C, Bartolomei MS. Epigenetics and imprinting in human disease.. Int J Dev Biol 2014;58(2-4):291-8.
    pubmed: 25023695doi: 10.1387/ijdb.140077mbgoogle scholar: lookup
  20. Lim DH, Maher ER. Genomic imprinting syndromes and cancer.. Adv Genet 2010;70:145-75.
    pubmed: 20920748doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380866-0.60006-xgoogle scholar: lookup
  21. Chen Z, Robbins KM, Wells KD, Rivera RM. Large offspring syndrome: a bovine model for the human loss-of-imprinting overgrowth syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann.. Epigenetics 2013 Jun;8(6):591-601.
    pmc: PMC3857339pubmed: 23751783doi: 10.4161/epi.24655google scholar: lookup
  22. Chavatte-Palmer P, Camous S, Jammes H, Le Cleac'h N, Guillomot M, Lee RS. Review: Placental perturbations induce the developmental abnormalities often observed in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer.. Placenta 2012 Feb;33 Suppl:S99-S104.
    pubmed: 22000472doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.09.012google scholar: lookup
  23. Keverne B. Monoallelic gene expression and mammalian evolution.. Bioessays 2009 Dec;31(12):1318-26.
    pubmed: 19921658doi: 10.1002/bies.200900074google scholar: lookup
  24. Monk D, Arnaud P, Apostolidou S, Hills FA, Kelsey G, Stanier P, Feil R, Moore GE. Limited evolutionary conservation of imprinting in the human placenta.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 Apr 25;103(17):6623-8.
    pmc: PMC1564202pubmed: 16614068doi: 10.1073/pnas.0511031103google scholar: lookup
  25. Moore T, Haig D. Genomic imprinting in mammalian development: a parental tug-of-war.. Trends Genet 1991 Feb;7(2):45-9.
    pubmed: 2035190doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(91)90230-ngoogle scholar: lookup
  26. Cassidy FC, Charalambous M. Genomic imprinting, growth and maternal-fetal interactions.. J Exp Biol 2018 Mar 7;221(Pt Suppl 1).
    pubmed: 29514882doi: 10.1242/jeb.164517google scholar: lookup
  27. McMinn J, Wei M, Schupf N, Cusmai J, Johnson EB, Smith AC, Weksberg R, Thaker HM, Tycko B. Unbalanced placental expression of imprinted genes in human intrauterine growth restriction.. Placenta 2006 Jun-Jul;27(6-7):540-9.
    pubmed: 16125225doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.07.004google scholar: lookup
  28. Korostowski L, Sedlak N, Engel N. The Kcnq1ot1 long non-coding RNA affects chromatin conformation and expression of Kcnq1, but does not regulate its imprinting in the developing heart.. PLoS Genet 2012 Sep;8(9):e1002956.
    pmc: PMC3447949pubmed: 23028363doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002956google scholar: lookup
  29. Mancini-Dinardo D, Steele SJ, Levorse JM, Ingram RS, Tilghman SM. Elongation of the Kcnq1ot1 transcript is required for genomic imprinting of neighboring genes.. Genes Dev 2006 May 15;20(10):1268-82.
    pmc: PMC1472902pubmed: 16702402doi: 10.1101/gad.1416906google scholar: lookup
  30. Sleutels F, Zwart R, Barlow DP. The non-coding Air RNA is required for silencing autosomal imprinted genes.. Nature 2002 Feb 14;415(6873):810-3.
    pubmed: 11845212doi: 10.1038/415810agoogle scholar: lookup
  31. Girardot M, Cavaillé J, Feil R. Small regulatory RNAs controlled by genomic imprinting and their contribution to human disease.. Epigenetics 2012 Dec 1;7(12):1341-8.
    pmc: PMC3528689pubmed: 23154539doi: 10.4161/epi.22884google scholar: lookup
  32. Peters J, Robson JE. Imprinted noncoding RNAs.. Mamm Genome 2008 Aug;19(7-8):493-502.
    pubmed: 18815833doi: 10.1007/s00335-008-9139-4google scholar: lookup
  33. Robson JE, Eaton SA, Underhill P, Williams D, Peters J. MicroRNAs 296 and 298 are imprinted and part of the GNAS/Gnas cluster and miR-296 targets IKBKE and Tmed9.. RNA 2012 Jan;18(1):135-44.
    pmc: PMC3261735pubmed: 22114321doi: 10.1261/rna.029561.111google scholar: lookup
  34. Seitz H, Royo H, Bortolin ML, Lin SP, Ferguson-Smith AC, Cavaillé J. A large imprinted microRNA gene cluster at the mouse Dlk1-Gtl2 domain.. Genome Res 2004 Sep;14(9):1741-8.
    pmc: PMC515320pubmed: 15310658doi: 10.1101/gr.2743304google scholar: lookup
  35. Yang PK, Kuroda MI. Noncoding RNAs and intranuclear positioning in monoallelic gene expression.. Cell 2007 Feb 23;128(4):777-86.
    pubmed: 17320513doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.032google scholar: lookup
  36. Shendure J, Church GM. Computational discovery of sense-antisense transcription in the human and mouse genomes.. Genome Biol 2002 Aug 22;3(9):RESEARCH0044.
    doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-9-research0044pmc: PMC126869pubmed: 12225583google scholar: lookup
  37. Lehner B, Williams G, Campbell RD, Sanderson CM. Antisense transcripts in the human genome.. Trends Genet 2002 Feb;18(2):63-5.
    pubmed: 11818131doi: 10.1016/s0168-9525(02)02598-2google scholar: lookup
  38. Fahey ME, Moore TF, Higgins DG. Overlapping antisense transcription in the human genome.. Comp Funct Genomics 2002;3(3):244-53.
    pmc: PMC2447278pubmed: 18628857doi: 10.1002/cfg.173google scholar: lookup
  39. Carmichael GG. Antisense starts making more sense.. Nat Biotechnol 2003 Apr;21(4):371-2.
    pubmed: 12665819doi: 10.1038/nbt0403-371google scholar: lookup
  40. Katayama S, Tomaru Y, Kasukawa T, Waki K, Nakanishi M, Nakamura M, Nishida H, Yap CC, Suzuki M, Kawai J, Suzuki H, Carninci P, Hayashizaki Y, Wells C, Frith M, Ravasi T, Pang KC, Hallinan J, Mattick J, Hume DA, Lipovich L, Batalov S, Engström PG, Mizuno Y, Faghihi MA, Sandelin A, Chalk AM, Mottagui-Tabar S, Liang Z, Lenhard B, Wahlestedt C. Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome.. Science 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1564-6.
    pubmed: 16141073doi: 10.1126/science.1112009google scholar: lookup
  41. Lapidot M, Pilpel Y. Genome-wide natural antisense transcription: coupling its regulation to its different regulatory mechanisms.. EMBO Rep 2006 Dec;7(12):1216-22.
    pmc: PMC1794690pubmed: 17139297doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400857google scholar: lookup
  42. Lavorgna G, Dahary D, Lehner B, Sorek R, Sanderson CM, Casari G. In search of antisense.. Trends Biochem Sci 2004 Feb;29(2):88-94.
    pubmed: 15102435doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2003.12.002google scholar: lookup
  43. Shibata S, Lee JT. Tsix transcription- versus RNA-based mechanisms in Xist repression and epigenetic choice.. Curr Biol 2004 Oct 5;14(19):1747-54.
    pubmed: 15458646doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.053google scholar: lookup
  44. Numata K, Osada Y, Okada Y, Saito R, Hiraiwa N, Nakaoka H, Yamamoto N, Watanabe K, Okubo K, Kohama C, Kanai A, Abe K, Kiyosawa H. Identification of novel endogenous antisense transcripts by DNA microarray analysis targeting complementary strand of annotated genes.. BMC Genomics 2009 Aug 22;10:392.
    pmc: PMC2741491pubmed: 19698135doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-392google scholar: lookup
  45. Dini P, Norris J, Ali HE, Loux SC, Carossino M, Esteller-Vico A, Bailey E, Kalbfleisch T, Daels P, Ball BA. Landscape of Overlapping Gene Expression in the Equine Placenta.. Genes (Basel) 2019 Jul 2;10(7).
    pmc: PMC6678446pubmed: 31269762doi: 10.3390/genes10070503google scholar: lookup
  46. Wang X, Clark AG. Using next-generation RNA sequencing to identify imprinted genes.. Heredity (Edinb) 2014 Aug;113(2):156-66.
    pmc: PMC4105452pubmed: 24619182doi: 10.1038/hdy.2014.18google scholar: lookup
  47. Barbaux S, Gascoin-Lachambre G, Buffat C, Monnier P, Mondon F, Tonanny MB, Pinard A, Auer J, Bessières B, Barlier A, Jacques S, Simeoni U, Dandolo L, Letourneur F, Jammes H, Vaiman D. A genome-wide approach reveals novel imprinted genes expressed in the human placenta.. Epigenetics 2012 Sep;7(9):1079-90.
    pmc: PMC3466192pubmed: 22894909doi: 10.4161/epi.21495google scholar: lookup
  48. Daelemans C, Ritchie ME, Smits G, Abu-Amero S, Sudbery IM, Forrest MS, Campino S, Clark TG, Stanier P, Kwiatkowski D, Deloukas P, Dermitzakis ET, Tavaré S, Moore GE, Dunham I. High-throughput analysis of candidate imprinted genes and allele-specific gene expression in the human term placenta.. BMC Genet 2010 Apr 19;11:25.
    pmc: PMC2871261pubmed: 20403199doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-25google scholar: lookup
  49. Okae H, Hiura H, Nishida Y, Funayama R, Tanaka S, Chiba H, Yaegashi N, Nakayama K, Sasaki H, Arima T. Re-investigation and RNA sequencing-based identification of genes with placenta-specific imprinted expression.. Hum Mol Genet 2012 Feb 1;21(3):548-58.
    pubmed: 22025075doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr488google scholar: lookup
  50. Proudhon C, Bourc'his D. Identification and resolution of artifacts in the interpretation of imprinted gene expression.. Brief Funct Genomics 2010 Dec;9(5-6):374-84.
    pmc: PMC3080772pubmed: 20829207doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elq020google scholar: lookup
  51. Senger P. L., Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition (Current conceptions, INC, 2012).
  52. Wang X, Miller DC, Harman R, Antczak DF, Clark AG. Paternally expressed genes predominate in the placenta.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013 Jun 25;110(26):10705-10.
    pmc: PMC3696791pubmed: 23754418doi: 10.1073/pnas.1308998110google scholar: lookup
  53. Antczak DF, Allen WR. Maternal immunological recognition of pregnancy in equids.. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1989;37:69-78.
    pubmed: 2681748
  54. Hoppen HO. The equine placenta and equine chorionic gonadotrophin--an overview.. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1994;102(3):235-43.
    pubmed: 7995345doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1211287google scholar: lookup
  55. Allen WR, Short RV. Interspecific and extraspecific pregnancies in equids: anything goes.. J Hered 1997 Sep-Oct;88(5):384-92.
    pubmed: 9378914doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a023123google scholar: lookup
  56. Kalbfleisch TS, Rice ES, DePriest MS Jr, Walenz BP, Hestand MS, Vermeesch JR, O Connell BL, Fiddes IT, Vershinina AO, Saremi NF, Petersen JL, Finno CJ, Bellone RR, McCue ME, Brooks SA, Bailey E, Orlando L, Green RE, Miller DC, Antczak DF, MacLeod JN. Improved reference genome for the domestic horse increases assembly contiguity and composition.. Commun Biol 2018;1:197.
    pmc: PMC6240028pubmed: 30456315doi: 10.1038/s42003-018-0199-zgoogle scholar: lookup
  57. Wade CM, Giulotto E, Sigurdsson S, Zoli M, Gnerre S, Imsland F, Lear TL, Adelson DL, Bailey E, Bellone RR, Blöcker H, Distl O, Edgar RC, Garber M, Leeb T, Mauceli E, MacLeod JN, Penedo MC, Raison JM, Sharpe T, Vogel J, Andersson L, Antczak DF, Biagi T, Binns MM, Chowdhary BP, Coleman SJ, Della Valle G, Fryc S, Guérin G, Hasegawa T, Hill EW, Jurka J, Kiialainen A, Lindgren G, Liu J, Magnani E, Mickelson JR, Murray J, Nergadze SG, Onofrio R, Pedroni S, Piras MF, Raudsepp T, Rocchi M, Røed KH, Ryder OA, Searle S, Skow L, Swinburne JE, Syvänen AC, Tozaki T, Valberg SJ, Vaudin M, White JR, Zody MC, Lander ES, Lindblad-Toh K. Genome sequence, comparative analysis, and population genetics of the domestic horse.. Science 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):865-7.
    pmc: PMC3785132pubmed: 19892987doi: 10.1126/science.1178158google scholar: lookup
  58. Nag A, Savova V, Fung HL, Miron A, Yuan GC, Zhang K, Gimelbrant AA. Chromatin signature of widespread monoallelic expression.. Elife 2013 Dec 31;2:e01256.
    pmc: PMC3873816pubmed: 24381246doi: 10.7554/elife.01256google scholar: lookup
  59. Reinius B, Sandberg R. Reply to 'High prevalence of clonal monoallelic expression'.. Nat Genet 2018 Sep;50(9):1199-1200.
    pubmed: 30082784doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0189-6google scholar: lookup
  60. Reinius B, Mold JE, Ramsköld D, Deng Q, Johnsson P, Michaëlsson J, Frisén J, Sandberg R. Analysis of allelic expression patterns in clonal somatic cells by single-cell RNA-seq.. Nat Genet 2016 Nov;48(11):1430-1435.
    pmc: PMC5117254pubmed: 27668657doi: 10.1038/ng.3678google scholar: lookup
  61. Vigneau S, Vinogradova S, Savova V, Gimelbrant A. High prevalence of clonal monoallelic expression.. Nat Genet 2018 Sep;50(9):1198-1199.
    pubmed: 30082785doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0188-7google scholar: lookup
  62. Anand L, Rodriguez Lopez CM. chromoMap: An R package for interactive visualization and annotation of chromosomes. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2019).
    doi: 10.1101/605600google scholar: lookup
  63. Ge SX, Jung D, Yao R. ShinyGO: a graphical gene-set enrichment tool for animals and plants.. Bioinformatics 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2628-2629.
    pmc: PMC7178415pubmed: 31882993doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz931google scholar: lookup
  64. Habibi E, Brinkman AB, Arand J, Kroeze LI, Kerstens HH, Matarese F, Lepikhov K, Gut M, Brun-Heath I, Hubner NC, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Jansen JH, Walter J, Gut IG, Marks H, Stunnenberg HG. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of two distinct interconvertible DNA methylomes of mouse embryonic stem cells.. Cell Stem Cell 2013 Sep 5;13(3):360-9.
    pubmed: 23850244doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.002google scholar: lookup
  65. Gifford CA, Ziller MJ, Gu H, Trapnell C, Donaghey J, Tsankov A, Shalek AK, Kelley DR, Shishkin AA, Issner R, Zhang X, Coyne M, Fostel JL, Holmes L, Meldrim J, Guttman M, Epstein C, Park H, Kohlbacher O, Rinn J, Gnirke A, Lander ES, Bernstein BE, Meissner A. Transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics during specification of human embryonic stem cells.. Cell 2013 May 23;153(5):1149-63.
    pmc: PMC3709577pubmed: 23664763doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.037google scholar: lookup
  66. Dini P, Daels P, Loux SC, Esteller-Vico A, Carossino M, Scoggin KE, Ball BA. Kinetics of the chromosome 14 microRNA cluster ortholog and its potential role during placental development in the pregnant mare.. BMC Genomics 2018 Dec 20;19(1):954.
    pmc: PMC6302407pubmed: 30572819doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5341-2google scholar: lookup
  67. Ramilowski JA, Goldberg T, Harshbarger J, Kloppmann E, Lizio M, Satagopam VP, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Carninci P, Rost B, Forrest AR. A draft network of ligand-receptor-mediated multicellular signalling in human.. Nat Commun 2015 Jul 22;6:7866.
    pmc: PMC4525178pubmed: 26198319doi: 10.1038/ncomms8866google scholar: lookup
  68. Robinson JT, Thorvaldsdóttir H, Wenger AM, Zehir A, Mesirov JP. Variant Review with the Integrative Genomics Viewer.. Cancer Res 2017 Nov 1;77(21):e31-e34.
    pmc: PMC5678989pubmed: 29092934doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0337google scholar: lookup
  69. Gregg C, Zhang J, Weissbourd B, Luo S, Schroth GP, Haig D, Dulac C. High-resolution analysis of parent-of-origin allelic expression in the mouse brain.. Science 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):643-8.
    pmc: PMC3005244pubmed: 20616232doi: 10.1126/science.1190830google scholar: lookup
  70. Zwemer LM, Zak A, Thompson BR, Kirby A, Daly MJ, Chess A, Gimelbrant AA. Autosomal monoallelic expression in the mouse.. Genome Biol 2012 Feb 20;13(2):R10.
    pmc: PMC3334567pubmed: 22348269doi: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-2-r10google scholar: lookup
  71. Gendrel AV, Attia M, Chen CJ, Diabangouaya P, Servant N, Barillot E, Heard E. Developmental dynamics and disease potential of random monoallelic gene expression.. Dev Cell 2014 Feb 24;28(4):366-80.
    pubmed: 24576422doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.01.016google scholar: lookup
  72. Li SM, Valo Z, Wang J, Gao H, Bowers CW, Singer-Sam J. Transcriptome-wide survey of mouse CNS-derived cells reveals monoallelic expression within novel gene families.. PLoS One 2012;7(2):e31751.
    pmc: PMC3285176pubmed: 22384067doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031751google scholar: lookup
  73. O'Brien SJ, Eisenberg JF, Miyamoto M, Hedges SB, Kumar S, Wilson DE, Menotti-Raymond M, Murphy WJ, Nash WG, Lyons LA, Menninger JC, Stanyon R, Wienberg J, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Gellin J, Yerle M, Andersson L, Womack J, Broad T, Postlethwait J, Serov O, Bailey E, James MR, Marshall Graves JA. Genome maps 10. Comparative genomics. Mammalian radiations. Wall chart.. Science 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):463-78.
    pubmed: 10577209
  74. Eggermann T, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Dicks S, Thomas W, Kanber D, Albrecht B, Begemann M, Kurth I, Beygo J, Buiting K. The maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 (upd(6)mat) "phenotype": result of placental trisomy 6 mosaicism?. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017 Nov;5(6):668-677.
    pmc: PMC5702562pubmed: 29178649doi: 10.1002/mgg3.324google scholar: lookup
  75. Kim J, Ashworth L, Branscomb E, Stubbs L. The human homolog of a mouse-imprinted gene, Peg3, maps to a zinc finger gene-rich region of human chromosome 19q13.4.. Genome Res 1997 May;7(5):532-40.
    pmc: PMC310658pubmed: 9149948doi: 10.1101/gr.7.5.532google scholar: lookup
  76. Middleton FA, Trauzzi MG, Shrimpton AE, Gentile KL, Morley CP, Medeiros H, Pato MT, Pato CN. Complete maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 4 in a subject with major depressive disorder detected by high density SNP genotyping arrays.. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006 Jan 5;141B(1):28-32.
    pubmed: 16331669doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30250google scholar: lookup
  77. Yong PJ, Marion SA, Barrett IJ, Kalousek DK, Robinson WP. Evidence for imprinting on chromosome 16: the effect of uniparental disomy on the outcome of mosaic trisomy 16 pregnancies.. Am J Med Genet 2002 Oct 1;112(2):123-32.
    pubmed: 12244544doi: 10.1002/ajmg.10702google scholar: lookup
  78. Morales-Prieto DM, Ospina-Prieto S, Chaiwangyen W, Schoenleben M, Markert UR. Pregnancy-associated miRNA-clusters.. J Reprod Immunol 2013 Mar;97(1):51-61.
    pubmed: 23432872doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.11.001google scholar: lookup
  79. Lyon MF. X chromosomes and dosage compensation.. Nature 1986 Mar 27-Apr 2;320(6060):313.
    pubmed: 3960115doi: 10.1038/320313b0google scholar: lookup
  80. Court F, Tayama C, Romanelli V, Martin-Trujillo A, Iglesias-Platas I, Okamura K, Sugahara N, Simón C, Moore H, Harness JV, Keirstead H, Sanchez-Mut JV, Kaneki E, Lapunzina P, Soejima H, Wake N, Esteller M, Ogata T, Hata K, Nakabayashi K, Monk D. Genome-wide parent-of-origin DNA methylation analysis reveals the intricacies of human imprinting and suggests a germline methylation-independent mechanism of establishment.. Genome Res 2014 Apr;24(4):554-69.
    pmc: PMC3975056pubmed: 24402520doi: 10.1101/gr.164913.113google scholar: lookup
  81. Sanchez-Delgado M, Martin-Trujillo A, Tayama C, Vidal E, Esteller M, Iglesias-Platas I, Deo N, Barney O, Maclean K, Hata K, Nakabayashi K, Fisher R, Monk D. Absence of Maternal Methylation in Biparental Hydatidiform Moles from Women with NLRP7 Maternal-Effect Mutations Reveals Widespread Placenta-Specific Imprinting.. PLoS Genet 2015 Nov;11(11):e1005644.
    pmc: PMC4636177pubmed: 26544189doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005644google scholar: lookup
  82. Hanna CW, Peñaherrera MS, Saadeh H, Andrews S, McFadden DE, Kelsey G, Robinson WP. Pervasive polymorphic imprinted methylation in the human placenta.. Genome Res 2016 Jun;26(6):756-67.
    pmc: PMC4889973pubmed: 26769960doi: 10.1101/gr.196139.115google scholar: lookup
  83. Smallwood A, Papageorghiou A, Nicolaides K, Alley MK, Jim A, Nargund G, Ojha K, Campbell S, Banerjee S. Temporal regulation of the expression of syncytin (HERV-W), maternally imprinted PEG10, and SGCE in human placenta.. Biol Reprod 2003 Jul;69(1):286-93.
    pubmed: 12620933doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.013078google scholar: lookup
  84. Yevtodiyenko A, Schmidt JV. Dlk1 expression marks developing endothelium and sites of branching morphogenesis in the mouse embryo and placenta.. Dev Dyn 2006 Apr;235(4):1115-23.
    pubmed: 16456855doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20705google scholar: lookup
  85. St-Pierre J, Hivert MF, Perron P, Poirier P, Guay SP, Brisson D, Bouchard L. IGF2 DNA methylation is a modulator of newborn's fetal growth and development.. Epigenetics 2012 Oct;7(10):1125-32.
    pmc: PMC3469454pubmed: 22907587doi: 10.4161/epi.21855google scholar: lookup
  86. Guo H, Zhu P, Guo F, Li X, Wu X, Fan X, Wen L, Tang F. Profiling DNA methylome landscapes of mammalian cells with single-cell reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing.. Nat Protoc 2015 May;10(5):645-59.
    pubmed: 25837417doi: 10.1038/nprot.2015.039google scholar: lookup
  87. Meissner A, Gnirke A, Bell GW, Ramsahoye B, Lander ES, Jaenisch R. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing for comparative high-resolution DNA methylation analysis.. Nucleic Acids Res 2005;33(18):5868-77.
    pmc: PMC1258174pubmed: 16224102doi: 10.1093/nar/gki901google scholar: lookup
  88. Pilvar D, Reiman M, Pilvar A, Laan M. Parent-of-origin-specific allelic expression in the human placenta is limited to established imprinted loci and it is stably maintained across pregnancy.. Clin Epigenetics 2019 Jun 26;11(1):94.
    pmc: PMC6595585pubmed: 31242935doi: 10.1186/s13148-019-0692-3google scholar: lookup
  89. Gabory A, Ripoche MA, Yoshimizu T, Dandolo L. The H19 gene: regulation and function of a non-coding RNA.. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006;113(1-4):188-93.
    pubmed: 16575179doi: 10.1159/000090831google scholar: lookup
  90. Lau MM, Stewart CE, Liu Z, Bhatt H, Rotwein P, Stewart CL. Loss of the imprinted IGF2/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor results in fetal overgrowth and perinatal lethality.. Genes Dev 1994 Dec 15;8(24):2953-63.
    pubmed: 8001817doi: 10.1101/gad.8.24.2953google scholar: lookup
  91. Efstratiadis A. Genetics of mouse growth.. Int J Dev Biol 1998;42(7):955-76.
    pubmed: 9853827
  92. Kiyosawa H, Mise N, Iwase S, Hayashizaki Y, Abe K. Disclosing hidden transcripts: mouse natural sense-antisense transcripts tend to be poly(A) negative and nuclear localized.. Genome Res 2005 Apr;15(4):463-74.
    pmc: PMC1074361pubmed: 15781571doi: 10.1101/gr.3155905google scholar: lookup
  93. Chen J, Sun M, Hurst LD, Carmichael GG, Rowley JD. Genome-wide analysis of coordinate expression and evolution of human cis-encoded sense-antisense transcripts.. Trends Genet 2005 Jun;21(6):326-9.
    pubmed: 15922830doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2005.04.006google scholar: lookup
  94. Munroe SH, Zhu J. Overlapping transcripts, double-stranded RNA and antisense regulation: a genomic perspective.. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006 Sep;63(18):2102-18.
    pubmed: 16847578doi: 10.1007/s00018-006-6070-2google scholar: lookup
  95. Ito M, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Edwards CA, Adalsteinsson BT, Allen SE, Loo TH, Kitazawa M, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F, Stewart CL, Ferguson-Smith AC. A trans-homologue interaction between reciprocally imprinted miR-127 and Rtl1 regulates placenta development.. Development 2015 Jul 15;142(14):2425-30.
    pmc: PMC4510861pubmed: 26138477doi: 10.1242/dev.121996google scholar: lookup
  96. Kitazawa M, Tamura M, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F. Severe damage to the placental fetal capillary network causes mid- to late fetal lethality and reduction in placental size in Peg11/Rtl1 KO mice.. Genes Cells 2017 Feb;22(2):174-188.
    pubmed: 28111885doi: 10.1111/gtc.12465google scholar: lookup
  97. Davis E, Caiment F, Tordoir X, Cavaillé J, Ferguson-Smith A, Cockett N, Georges M, Charlier C. RNAi-mediated allelic trans-interaction at the imprinted Rtl1/Peg11 locus.. Curr Biol 2005 Apr 26;15(8):743-9.
    pubmed: 15854907doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.02.060google scholar: lookup
  98. Dini P, Carossino M, Loynachan AT, El-Sheikh Ali H, Wolfsdorf KE, Scoggin KE, Daels P, Ball BA. Equine hydrallantois is associated with impaired angiogenesis in the placenta.. Placenta 2020 Apr;93:101-112.
    pubmed: 32250734doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.03.001google scholar: lookup
  99. Sharp AN, Heazell AE, Crocker IP, Mor G. Placental apoptosis in health and disease.. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 Sep;64(3):159-69.
    pmc: PMC3025811pubmed: 20367628doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00837.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  100. Jainudeen M, Hafez E. Gestation, prenatal physiology, and parturition. Reproduction in Farm Animals Wiley-Blackwell, ed. 7, 2000, pp. 140–155.
  101. Zhang G, Feenstra B, Bacelis J, Liu X, Muglia LM, Juodakis J, Miller DE, Litterman N, Jiang PP, Russell L, Hinds DA, Hu Y, Weirauch MT, Chen X, Chavan AR, Wagner GP, Pavličev M, Nnamani MC, Maziarz J, Karjalainen MK, Rämet M, Sengpiel V, Geller F, Boyd HA, Palotie A, Momany A, Bedell B, Ryckman KK, Huusko JM, Forney CR, Kottyan LC, Hallman M, Teramo K, Nohr EA, Davey Smith G, Melbye M, Jacobsson B, Muglia LJ. Genetic Associations with Gestational Duration and Spontaneous Preterm Birth.. N Engl J Med 2017 Sep 21;377(12):1156-1167.
    pmc: PMC5561422pubmed: 28877031doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1612665google scholar: lookup
  102. Wu JB, Sha J, Zhai JF, Liu Y, Zhang B. Prenatal diagnosis of maternal partial trisomy 9p23p24.3 and 14q11.2q21.3 in a fetus: a case report.. Mol Cytogenet 2020;13:6.
    pmc: PMC7006427pubmed: 32055256doi: 10.1186/s13039-020-0473-xgoogle scholar: lookup
  103. Wang L, Chen H, Wang C, Hu Z, Yan S. Negative regulator of E2F transcription factors links cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage repair.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 Apr 17;115(16):E3837-E3845.
    pmc: PMC5910849pubmed: 29610335doi: 10.1073/pnas.1720094115google scholar: lookup
  104. Shaltiel IA, Krenning L, Bruinsma W, Medema RH. The same, only different - DNA damage checkpoints and their reversal throughout the cell cycle.. J Cell Sci 2015 Feb 15;128(4):607-20.
    pubmed: 25609713doi: 10.1242/jcs.163766google scholar: lookup
  105. Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, Drenkow J, Zaleski C, Jha S, Batut P, Chaisson M, Gingeras TR. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner.. Bioinformatics 2013 Jan 1;29(1):15-21.
    pmc: PMC3530905pubmed: 23104886doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635google scholar: lookup
  106. Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G, Durbin R. The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools.. Bioinformatics 2009 Aug 15;25(16):2078-9.
    pmc: PMC2723002pubmed: 19505943doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352google scholar: lookup
  107. Li H, Durbin R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform.. Bioinformatics 2009 Jul 15;25(14):1754-60.
    pmc: PMC2705234pubmed: 19451168doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324google scholar: lookup
  108. McKenna A, Hanna M, Banks E, Sivachenko A, Cibulskis K, Kernytsky A, Garimella K, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Daly M, DePristo MA. The Genome Analysis Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data.. Genome Res 2010 Sep;20(9):1297-303.
    pmc: PMC2928508pubmed: 20644199doi: 10.1101/gr.107524.110google scholar: lookup
  109. Krueger F, Andrews SR. Bismark: a flexible aligner and methylation caller for Bisulfite-Seq applications.. Bioinformatics 2011 Jun 1;27(11):1571-2.
    pmc: PMC3102221pubmed: 21493656doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr167google scholar: lookup
  110. Gu H, Smith ZD, Bock C, Boyle P, Gnirke A, Meissner A. Preparation of reduced representation bisulfite sequencing libraries for genome-scale DNA methylation profiling.. Nat Protoc 2011 Apr;6(4):468-81.
    pubmed: 21412275doi: 10.1038/nprot.2010.190google scholar: lookup
  111. Gim JA, Hong CP, Kim DS, Moon JW, Choi Y, Eo J, Kwon YJ, Lee JR, Jung YD, Bae JH, Choi BH, Ko J, Song S, Ahn K, Ha HS, Yang YM, Lee HK, Park KD, Do KT, Han K, Yi JM, Cha HJ, Ayarpadikannan S, Cho BW, Bhak J, Kim HS. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation before-and after exercise in the thoroughbred horse with MeDIP-Seq.. Mol Cells 2015 Mar;38(3):210-20.
    pmc: PMC4363720pubmed: 25666347doi: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2138google scholar: lookup
  112. Zhang F, Lu Y, Yan S, Xing Q, Tian W. SPRINT: an SNP-free toolkit for identifying RNA editing sites.. Bioinformatics 2017 Nov 15;33(22):3538-3548.
    pmc: PMC5870768pubmed: 29036410doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx473google scholar: lookup
  113. van de Geijn B, McVicker G, Gilad Y, Pritchard JK. WASP: allele-specific software for robust molecular quantitative trait locus discovery.. Nat Methods 2015 Nov;12(11):1061-3.
    pmc: PMC4626402pubmed: 26366987doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3582google scholar: lookup
  114. Trapnell C, Williams BA, Pertea G, Mortazavi A, Kwan G, van Baren MJ, Salzberg SL, Wold BJ, Pachter L. Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation.. Nat Biotechnol 2010 May;28(5):511-5.
    pmc: PMC3146043pubmed: 20436464doi: 10.1038/nbt.1621google scholar: lookup
  115. Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, Pertea G, Kim D, Kelley DR, Pimentel H, Salzberg SL, Rinn JL, Pachter L. Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks.. Nat Protoc 2012 Mar 1;7(3):562-78.
    pmc: PMC3334321pubmed: 22383036doi: 10.1038/nprot.2012.016google scholar: lookup
  116. Ruzzenenti P, Asperti M, Mitola S, Crescini E, Maccarinelli F, Gryzik M, Regoni M, Finazzi D, Arosio P, Poli M. The Ferritin-Heavy-Polypeptide-Like-17 (FTHL17) gene encodes a ferritin with low stability and no ferroxidase activity and with a partial nuclear localization.. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015 Jun;1850(6):1267-73.
    pubmed: 25749565doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.016google scholar: lookup
  117. Kobayashi S, Fujihara Y, Mise N, Kaseda K, Abe K, Ishino F, Okabe M. The X-linked imprinted gene family Fthl17 shows predominantly female expression following the two-cell stage in mouse embryos.. Nucleic Acids Res 2010 Jun;38(11):3672-81.
    pmc: PMC2887969pubmed: 20185572doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq113google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Orellana-Guerrero D, Uribe-Salazar JM, El-Sheikh Ali H, Scoggin KE, Ball B, Daels P, Finno CJ, Dini P. Dynamics of the Equine Placental DNA Methylome and Transcriptome from Mid- to Late Gestation.. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Apr 11;24(8).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms24087084pubmed: 37108254google scholar: lookup
  2. Davenport KM, Ortega MS, Liu H, O'Neil EV, Kelleher AM, Warren WC, Spencer TE. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) uncovers trophoblast cell types and lineages in the mature bovine placenta.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023 Mar 21;120(12):e2221526120.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.2221526120pubmed: 36913592google scholar: lookup
  3. Daigneault BW. Insights to maternal regulation of the paternal genome in mammalian livestock embryos: A mini-review.. Front Genet 2022;13:909804.
    doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909804pubmed: 36061209google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.