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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021; 118(16); e2006474118; doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006474118

Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta.

Abstract: Most autosomal genes in the placenta show a biallelic expression pattern. However, some genes exhibit allele-specific transcription depending on the parental origin of the chromosomes on which the copy of the gene resides. Parentally expressed genes are involved in the reciprocal interaction between maternal and paternal genes, coordinating the allocation of resources between fetus and mother. One of the main challenges of studying parental-specific allelic expression (allele-specific expression [ASE]) in the placenta is the maternal cellular remnant at the fetomaternal interface. Horses () have an epitheliochorial placenta in which both the endometrial epithelium and the epithelium of the chorionic villi are juxtaposed with minimal extension into the uterine mucosa, yet there is no information available on the allelic gene expression of equine chorioallantois (CA). In the current study, we present a dataset of 1,336 genes showing ASE in the equine CA (https://pouya-dini.github.io/equine-gene-db/) along with a workflow for analyzing ASE genes. We further identified 254 potentially imprinted genes among the parentally expressed genes in the equine CA and evaluated the expression pattern of these genes throughout gestation. Our gene ontology analysis implies that maternally expressed genes tend to decrease the length of gestation, while paternally expressed genes extend the length of gestation. This study provides fundamental information regarding parental gene expression during equine pregnancy, a species with a negligible amount of maternal cellular remnant in its placenta. This information will provide the basis for a better understanding of the role of parental gene expression in the placenta during gestation.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-16 PubMed ID: 33853939PubMed Central: PMC8072238DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006474118Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article studies the expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta, focusing especially on those genes with a bias towards either parent. The researchers have compiled a dataset of over 1300 genes that exhibit differential expression and identified 254 that could potentially be ‘imprinted’ or preferentially expressed depending on the parent.

Understanding Parental Gene Expression

  • Some genes in the placenta exhibit a pattern of transcription that depends on which parent’s chromosome they are on, termed as parentally expressed genes.
  • These genes are crucial in balancing resource allocation between the fetus and mother.
  • Research into these allele-specific expressions (ASE) faces the challenge of the maternal cellular remnant at the fetomaternal interface.
  • The study specifically focuses on the equine placenta where no data was previously available on allele-specific gene expression.

Parental Gene Expression in the Horse

  • Horses have an epitheliochorial placenta, where the endometrial epithelium and the epithelium of the chorionic villi coexist with minimal intrusion into the uterine mucosa.
  • This type of placenta has a negligible amount of maternal cellular remnants, making it an interesting object of study for ASE genes.
  • The study presents a dataset of 1,336 genes showing ASE in the equine chorioallantois (part of the placenta) and a method for analyzing such gene expressions.
  • Additionally, the authors identified 254 potentially imprinted – parentally dependent – genes.

Implications and Applications

  • Analysis suggests maternally expressed genes may decrease gestation length, whereas paternally expressed genes might increase it.
  • This study provides foundational information about the role of parental gene expression in equine pregnancies.
  • The implications could extend to a broader understanding of parentally expressed genes in different species and scenarios.

Cite This Article

APA
Dini P, Kalbfleisch T, Uribe-Salazar JM, Carossino M, Ali HE, Loux SC, Esteller-Vico A, Norris JK, Anand L, Scoggin KE, Rodriguez Lopez CM, Breen J, Bailey E, Daels P, Ball BA. (2021). Parental bias in expression and interaction of genes in the equine placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 118(16), e2006474118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006474118

Publication

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 1091-6490
NlmUniqueID: 7505876
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 118
Issue: 16
PII: e2006474118

Researcher Affiliations

Dini, Pouya
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
Kalbfleisch, Theodore
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202.
Uribe-Salazar, José M
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
Carossino, Mariano
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Ali, Hossam El-Sheikh
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
  • Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
Loux, Shavahn C
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Esteller-Vico, Alejandro
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Norris, Jamie K
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Anand, Lakshay
  • Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.
Scoggin, Kirsten E
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Rodriguez Lopez, Carlos M
  • Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.
Breen, James
  • South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Bailey, Ernest
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503.
Daels, Peter
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
Ball, Barry A
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503; b.a.ball@uky.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Alleles
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Gene Expression / genetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics
  • Genomic Imprinting / genetics
  • Genomic Imprinting / physiology
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Placenta / metabolism
  • Placentation / genetics
  • Pregnancy

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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