Pericarditis in horses: six cases (1982-1986).

This research presents a review of six cases of pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the covering around the heart) in horses over the period 1982-1986. Findings suggest that all the horses might have had septic pericarditis based on historical and clinical observations. Outcomes varied, with four horses surviving and returning to athletic performance, one dying of unrelated causes, and another being euthanized at the owner’s request.

Case Studies

• Observations showed different severity levels and states of inflammation among the six horses. Horses 1, 2, and 4 exhibited acute inflammation with serious neutrophil degeneration, horses 3 and 5 had subacute inflammation with degenerated neutrophils, while horse 6 showed chronic active inflammation, but its neutrophils were well preserved.
• Neutrophils are white blood cells that play a critical role in fighting against infections. Their state and amount can provide insights into the immune response of the organism.

Diagnosis

• Pericardial effusion, the build-up of excess fluid between the heart and the sac surrounding the heart, was found in all horses, thus aiding the diagnosis.
• Bacteria were identified in the pericardial fluid of horses 1 and 3 upon cytologic examination, adding weight to the suspicion of septic pericarditis.
• Microbiologic cultures of pericardial fluid also returned positive results in horse 3, further confirming the presence of infection.

Treatment and Outcome

• All horses were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, providing a defense against a wide variety of bacteria.
• A pericardial catheter was used to directly administer antibiotics and wash (lavage) the pericardial sac, likely aiding management of the infection and inflammation.
• Results showed that horses 1, 4, 5, and 6 survived the condition and returned to their pre-disease level of athletic performance. Horse 2 died from unrelated causes while horse 3 was euthanized at the request of the owner.

Conclusion

• This study provides valuable insights into diagnosing and managing septic pericarditis in horses by presenting real case studies. It offers veterinary practitioners useful information on the expected clinical progression, diagnostic approaches, and treatment outcomes for this condition.