Persistent vaginal haemorrhage in five mares caused by varicose veins of the vaginal wall.

This research article examines five cases of ongoing vaginal bleeding in non-pregnant, multiparous mares of varying ages and breeds. The bleeding was traced to varicose veins in the vaginal wall, and different treatment methods were utilized successfully. The researchers also discuss the influence of vulval incompetence and hampered venous return during and after pregnancy.

Introduction and Case Description

• This paper investigates a series of cases involving five non-pregnant mares of multiple births, ranging in age from eight to 20 years. The breeds included are hunter types, a shire, a thoroughbred and an Arab pony.
• The sole noticeable clinical sign presented in these mares was consistent bleeding from the vulva.

Cause and Treatment of Haemorrhage

• The source of the haemorrhage was identified to be ulcerated varicose veins located on the dorsal wall of the vagina, next to the vestibulovaginal junction.
• The researchers applied three different treatment methods to resolve the issue. Submucosal resection was done on two of the mares,
  vessels ligation applied on another two, and diathermy was the mode of treatment for one mare. All treatments resulted in successful stoppage of the bleeding.

Vulval Incompetence and Venous Return Issues

• In four of the mares, the researchers found evidence of vulval incompetence. This condition is characterized by a depression in the perineum, which is the area between the anus and the vulva.
• Discussion within the study further considers the role of compromised venous return during and after pregnancy. Diminished venous return may mean that blood is not being effectively carried out of certain areas, leading to the development of issues such as varicose veins.