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Virology2009; 394(2); 298-310; doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.032

Peruvian horse sickness virus and Yunnan orbivirus, isolated from vertebrates and mosquitoes in Peru and Australia.

Abstract: During 1997, two new viruses were isolated from outbreaks of disease that occurred in horses, donkeys, cattle and sheep in Peru. Genome characterization showed that the virus isolated from horses (with neurological disorders, 78% fatality) belongs to a new species the Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV), within the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. This represents the first isolation of PHSV, which was subsequently also isolated during 1999, from diseased horses in the Northern Territory of Australia (Elsey virus, ELSV). Serological and molecular studies showed that PHSV and ELSV are very similar in the serotype-determining protein (99%, same serotype). The second virus (Rioja virus, RIOV) was associated with neurological signs in donkeys, cattle, sheep and dogs and was shown to be a member of the species Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV). RIOV and YUOV are also almost identical (97% amino acid identity) in the serotype-determining protein. YUOV was originally isolated from mosquitoes in China.
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Publication Date: 2009-09-18 PubMed ID: 19766284DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.032Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper discusses the isolation and characterization of two novel viruses, the Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV) and the Rioja virus (RIOV), from different vertebrates and mosquitoes in Peru and Australia during the 1997 disease outbreaks.

Discovery and Isolation of New Viruses

  • Scientists detected two viruses during disease outbreaks in horses, donkeys, cattle, sheep, and dogs in Peru in the year 1997. The identification of these viruses was facilitated through thorough examination and diagnostic processes.
  • The first virus, isolated from horses showing neurological disorders, was identified as the Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV). It was categorized within the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae.
  • In 1999, the same virus (PHSV) was also identified among diseased horses in Northern Territory, Australia, and named Elsey virus (ELSV).
  • The second virus, associated with neurological signs in not only horses and donkeys but also in cattle, sheep, and dogs, was dubbed the Rioja virus (RIOV). This virus is a member of the species Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV).

Virus Characterization and Similarities

  • Serological and molecular studies were conducted to further understand the properties and behavior of the PHSV and ELSV. These studies confirmed that ELSV and PHSV are very similar, sharing 99% similarity in the serotype-determining protein, which essentially places them in the same serotype.
  • Similarly, the Rioja virus (RIOV) and the Yunnan Orbivirus (YUOV) were found to share a 97% amino acid identity in the serotype determining protein. These similarities imply a close relationship between these viruses and suggest a common origin or similar evolutionary pathway.
  • Interestingly, the Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV) was initially isolated from mosquitoes in China, indicating a vector-borne transmission pathway.

Significance of the Findings

  • The discovery of these novel viruses is a significant step in understanding disease outbreaks among vertebrates, especially horses, donkeys, cattle, and sheep. This understanding could lead to more effective disease prevention and treatment protocols.
  • The genetic similarities between the viruses and their potential vector-borne transmission pathway highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance for orbiviruses and similar viral species in diverse geographic locations and different host species.

Cite This Article

APA
Attoui H, Mendez-Lopez MR, Rao S, Hurtado-Alendes A, Lizaraso-Caparo F, Mohd Jaafar F, Samuel AR, Belhouchet M, Pritchard LI, Melville L, Weir RP, Hyatt AD, Davis SS, Lunt R, Calisher CH, Tesh RB, Fujita R, Mertens PP. (2009). Peruvian horse sickness virus and Yunnan orbivirus, isolated from vertebrates and mosquitoes in Peru and Australia. Virology, 394(2), 298-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.032

Publication

Virology
ISSN: 1096-0341
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 394
Issue: 2
Pages: 298-310

Researcher Affiliations

Attoui, Houssam
  • Department of Vector Borne Diseases, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK. houssam.attoui@bbsrc.ac.uk
Mendez-Lopez, Maria Rosario
    Rao, Shujing
      Hurtado-Alendes, Ana
        Lizaraso-Caparo, Frank
          Mohd Jaafar, Fauziah
            Samuel, Alan R
              Belhouchet, Mourad
                Pritchard, Lindsay I
                  Melville, Lorna
                    Weir, Richard P
                      Hyatt, Alex D
                        Davis, Steven S
                          Lunt, Ross
                            Calisher, Charles H
                              Tesh, Robert B
                                Fujita, Ricardo
                                  Mertens, Peter P C

                                    MeSH Terms

                                    • Animals
                                    • Base Sequence
                                    • Cattle
                                    • Culicidae / virology
                                    • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
                                    • Dogs
                                    • Equidae / virology
                                    • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                                    • Horse Diseases / virology
                                    • Horses / virology
                                    • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
                                    • Molecular Epidemiology
                                    • Northern Territory
                                    • Orbivirus / classification
                                    • Orbivirus / genetics
                                    • Orbivirus / isolation & purification
                                    • Orbivirus / pathogenicity
                                    • Peru
                                    • Phylogeny
                                    • RNA, Viral / genetics
                                    • Reoviridae Infections / epidemiology
                                    • Reoviridae Infections / veterinary
                                    • Reoviridae Infections / virology
                                    • Serotyping
                                    • Viral Proteins / genetics

                                    Grant Funding

                                    • BB/D014204/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
                                    • BBS/E/I/00001446 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

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