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Veterinary research2020; 51(1); 131; doi: 10.1186/s13567-020-00853-2

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration for optimal dosage of cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in foals.

Abstract: Cefquinome is administered in horses for the treatment of respiratory infection caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, and septicemia caused by Escherichia coli. However, there have been no attempts to use cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi), the causative agent of strangles. Hence the objective of this study was to calculate an optimal dosage of cefquinome against S. equi based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics integration. Cefquinome (1.0 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous and intramuscular routes to six healthy thoroughbred foals. Serum cefquinome concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro and ex vivo antibacterial activity were determined from minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial killing curves. The optimal dosage was calculated from the integration of pharmacokinetic parameters and area under the curve (AUC/MIC) values. Total body clearance and volume of distribution of cefquinome after intravenous administration were 0.06 L/h/kg and 0.09 L/kg, respectively. Following intramuscular administration, a maximum concentration of 0.73 μg/mL at 1.52 h (T) and a systemic bioavailability of 37.45% were observed. The MIC of cefquinome against S. equi was 0.016 μg/mL. The ex vivo AUC/MIC values representing bacteriostatic, and bactericidal activity were 113.11, and 143.14 h, respectively. Whereas the %T > MIC for bactericidal activity was 153.34%. In conclusion, based on AUC/MIC values and pharmacokinetic parameters, cefquinome when administered by intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.53 mg/kg every 24 h, would be effective against infection caused by S. equi in foals. Further studies may be necessary to confirm its therapeutic efficacy in a clinical environment.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-15 PubMed ID: 33059768PubMed Central: PMC7566116DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00853-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses an investigation into finding an optimal dosage of a drug called cefquinome for a respiratory infection in foals caused by a bacteria known as Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. The dosage calculated was based off a combination of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug.

Introduction to Cefquinome

  • Cefquinome is a drug commonly administered to horses to treat respiratory infection caused by a bacteria known as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, and a blood infection known as septicemia caused by the bacteria, Escherichia coli.
  • Despite its prevalent use against these infections, there have been no prior attempts in using this drug to treat another strain of bacteria called Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, which is responsible for a condition in horses commonly known as strangles.

Methodology and Results

  • The experiment involved administering cefquinome in different ways (intravenous and intramuscular) to six healthy thoroughbred foals and measuring the concentration of the drug in their serum over time.
  • The research used high-performance liquid chromatography, a type of lab technique used for separating mixtures, to determine the concentration of the drug.
  • Simultaneously, the research measured the antibacterial activity both in vitro (outside a living organism, e.g in a petri dish) and ex vivo (outside but very near to a living organism e.g. in a tissue sample from the organism).
  • The researchers determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), a crucial value that indicates the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent that can halt bacterial growth.
  • Through these measurements the researchers calculated certain pharmacokinetic parameters such as total body clearance and volume of distribution, and the area under the curve (AUC/MIC) values, important in pharmacodynamics.

Conclusion and Future Directions

  • From the observations and measurements, the study concluded that cefquinome, when administered by intramuscular route at a dosage of 0.53 mg/kg every 24 h, would be effective against an infection by S. equi in foals.
  • The researchers suggested that further studies may be needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of this proposed dosage in a clinical environment.

Cite This Article

APA
Lee DH, Birhanu BT, Lee EB, Lee SJ, Boby N, Park YS, Park SC. (2020). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration for optimal dosage of cefquinome against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in foals. Vet Res, 51(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00853-2

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 131
PII: 131

Researcher Affiliations

Lee, Dong-Ha
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
Birhanu, Biruk Tesfaye
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
Lee, Eon-Bee
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
Lee, Seung-Jin
  • Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korean Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
Boby, Naila
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
Park, Yong-Soo
  • Department of Equine Industry, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea. parksch@knu.ac.kr.
Park, Seung-Chun
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea. parksch@knu.ac.kr.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Cephalosporins / pharmacokinetics
  • Cephalosporins / pharmacology
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Injections, Intramuscular / veterinary
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
  • Streptococcal Infections / drug therapy
  • Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
  • Streptococcus / drug effects

Grant Funding

  • 2019R1A2C2006277 / National Research Foundation of Korea
  • Z-1543081-2020-22-02 / Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Mao Y, Chen Y, Liu C, He X, Zheng Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Chen W, Wu Y, Shen Y, Yang H, Ma S. Cefquinome Sulfate Oily Nanosuspension Designed for Improving its Bioavailability in the Treatment of Veterinary Infections.. Int J Nanomedicine 2022;17:2535-2553.
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  3. Mi K, Li M, Sun L, Hou Y, Zhou K, Hao H, Pan Y, Liu Z, Xie C, Huang L. Determination of Susceptibility Breakpoint for Cefquinome against Streptococcus suis in Pigs.. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021 Aug 9;10(8).
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