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Frontiers in veterinary science2023; 10; 1198940; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198940

Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after a single Oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg to 7-9 Day-old foals.

Abstract: Acetaminophen is utilized in human infants for pain management and fever. Neonatal foals might benefit from administration of acetaminophen but effective and safe dosage regimens for neonatal foals remains to be determined. Unassigned: The objective was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen following oral administration of a single dose of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg to neonatal foals. A secondary objective was to evaluate any changes in hematology and biochemistry profiles. Unassigned: Randomized study. Unassigned: Eight clinically healthy 7-9-day old Quarter Horse foals (3 colts and 5 fillies) received a single oral dose of acetaminophen either 20 (n = 4) or 40 (n = 4) mg/kg. Hematology and biochemistry profiles were evaluated before and 7 days after drug administration. Blood samples were collected before and 8 times after acetaminophen administration for 48 h to quantify plasma acetaminophen concentrations. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non- compartmental analysis. Unassigned: The median peak plasma concentrations (and range) occurred at 1.5 (0.5-2) hours, and 1.0 (1-2) hours for the 20 and 40 mg/kg doses. The maximum plasma concentration (and range) was 12 (7.9-17.4) μg/mL for the 20 mg/kg dose and 14 (11-18) μg/mL for 40 mg/kg dose. The median AUC0-∞ ranged from 46 to 100 and 79 to 160 h*-μg/mL for the 20 and 40 mg/kg dose, respectively. Hematology and biochemistry profiles remained within normal limits. Unassigned: Plasma disposition of acetaminophen after oral administration of 20 and 40 mg/kg to neonates is comparable to adult horses. However, safety and the optimal dosage regimen of acetaminophen for treating pain and or pyrexia in neonates in this age group remains to be determined.
Copyright © 2023 Gold, Grubb, Court and Villarino.
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Publication Date: 2023-07-06 PubMed ID: 37483288PubMed Central: PMC10359069DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198940Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the pharmacokinetics, the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and expelled by the body, of acetaminophen in neonatal foals after administering a single oral dose. The research also monitors any changes in the foals’ hematology and biochemistry profiles. The findings suggest that the plasma disposition of acetaminophen in neonates is comparable to adult horses, but the safety and optimal dosage for treating pain and/or fever in neonates still need to be determined.

Research Methodology

  • The study utilized eight clinically healthy Quarter Horse foals aged 7-9 days, which each received a single oral dose of either 20 mg/kg (four foals) or 40 mg/kg (four foals) of acetaminophen.
  • Hematology and biochemistry profiles were assessed before and seven days after administration of the drug, to monitor any significant changes that could indicate potential side-effects.
  • Blood samples were collected from the foals before and at eight timepoints after the administration of acetaminophen over a 48-hour period. The samples were used to measure plasma acetaminophen concentrations.
  • Non-compartmental analysis was employed to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters.

Findings

  • Peak plasma concentrations of acetaminophen were observed at 1.5 hours for the 20 mg/kg dose and 1.0 hour for the 40 mg/kg dose.
  • The maximum plasma concentration was 12 micrograms/mL for the lower dose, and 14 micrograms/mL for the higher dose.
  • The median AUC0-∞ (an indication of the total exposure of the body to the drug) varied from 46 to 100 hour*μg/mL for the 20 mg/kg dose and from 79 to 160 hour*μg/mL for the 40 mg/kg dose.
  • All hematological and biochemical profiles remained within regular limits, indicating the absence of adverse systemic reactions to the drug.

Conclusions

  • The findings reveal that the disposal of acetaminophen in the plasma following oral administration in neonates is comparable to that in adult horses, suggesting that the drug is processed similarly across different age groups.
  • Despite these findings, the study stresses that more research is needed to determine the safety and optimal dosage regimen of acetaminophen for treating pain and/or fever in neonatal foals.

Cite This Article

APA
Gold JR, Grubb T, Court MH, Villarino NF. (2023). Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after a single Oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg to 7-9 Day-old foals. Front Vet Sci, 10, 1198940. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1198940

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 1198940

Researcher Affiliations

Gold, Jenifer R
  • Wisconsin Equine Clinic and Hospital, Oconomowoc, WI, United States.
Grubb, Tamara
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
Court, Michael H
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
Villarino, Nicolas F
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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