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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I met...
Frontiers in veterinary science2025; 12; 1599934; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1599934

Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies.

Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) has shown potential therapeutic benefits in veterinary medicine, but further investigations are needed to establish its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic dosing in horses and ponies. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in Connemara ponies following oral administration of CBD oil. Unassigned: Ten healthy ponies received a single oral dose of CBD oil at 2 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 16 days post-administration, with physical examinations conducted at baseline and at 8, 12, and 24 h post-dose. Additional blood samples were taken at baseline and 24 h for hematological and biochemical analyses. Targeted UHPLC-MS/HRMS measurements quantified CBD and its metabolites, 7-hydroxy-CBD (7-OH-CBD) and 7-carboxy-CBD (7-COOH-CBD). Unassigned: The CBD oil was well-tolerated, with no side effects. A significant decrease in heart rate was observed after 24 h. Changes in hematological and biochemical markers included elevated urea, slight increases in chloride, Gamma-glutamyl transferase, Total bilirubin, Lactate dehydrogenase, and a minor reduction in WBC count. CBD was detectable in 4 ponies on day 7, but none on day 12. The 7-COOH-CBD metabolite remained detectable up to day 16 in all subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters for CBD were C = 31.472 ± 8.080 ng/mL, t = 2.111 ± 0.928 h, t = 12.563 ± 3.054 h, and Vz/ = 198.757 ± 49.123 L/kg. Unassigned: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of CBD observed in the present study are consistent with previous research in warmblood horses and provide a foundation for future studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and long-term safety of CBD in ponies.
Copyright © 2025 Wermer, Korbacska-Kutasi, Berkecz, Csupor, Ágh, Sztojkov-Ivanov and Cserhalmi.
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Publication Date: 2025-06-27 PubMed ID: 40654508PubMed Central: PMC12247600DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1599934Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper discusses the investigation into the pharmacokinetic properties and potential side effects of cannabidiol (CBD) given orally to Connemara ponies, which is beneficial for establishing therapeutic dosing in equine veterinary medicine.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers selected ten healthy Connemara ponies for this investigation.
  • Each pony was administered a single oral dose of CBD oil at a concentration of 2 mg/kg.
  • Blood samples for analysis were drawn from the ponies just before dosage and at regular intervals up to 16 days post-administration.
  • The researchers also performed physical examinations on the ponies at set times after administering the dose.
  • Additional blood samples were taken before dosing and at 24 hours after dosing for detailed biochemical and hematological laboratory analyses.
  • Advanced analytical techniques, UHPLC-MS/HRMS, were used to accurately measure the levels of CBD and its metabolites in the blood samples.

Findings

  • The researchers found that CBD oil was well-tolerated by the ponies, displaying no observable side effects.
  • A significant decrease in heart rate was noted 24 hours after dosing.
  • Biochemical and hematological markers indicated elevated urea levels, slight increases in chloride, Gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and Lactate dehydrogenase. There was also a minor reduction in white blood cell count.
  • CBD was detectable in the ponies’ bloodstreams up to day 7 after administration, with none detected on day 12. However, the 7-COOH-CBD metabolite remained detectable in all ponies till day 16.

Pharmacokinetic Parameters

  • The findings of this research have contributed to the pharmacokinetic parameters of CBD in ponies by identifying values for concentration, absorption time, elimination half-life, and distribution.
  • The established pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in the ponies are said to align with previous research conducted on warmblood horses, supporting the validity of these results.

Significance of the Study

  • The research provides a foundational understanding of CBD’s pharmacokinetics in ponies. This knowledge can further the development of therapeutic dosing strategies in equine veterinary medicine.
  • The data gathered can guide future studies into CBD’s therapeutic efficacy and long-term safety for use in ponies.

Cite This Article

APA
Wermer K, Korbacska-Kutasi O, Berkecz R, Csupor D, Ágh N, Sztojkov-Ivanov A, Cserhalmi D. (2025). Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and its two main phase I metabolites in Connemara ponies. Front Vet Sci, 12, 1599934. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1599934

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 1599934
PII: 1599934

Researcher Affiliations

Wermer, Kata
  • Department of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
Korbacska-Kutasi, Orsolya
  • Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
Berkecz, Róbert
  • Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
  • Department of Forensic Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
Csupor, Dezső
  • Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
  • Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Ágh, Nóra
  • HUN-REN-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
  • Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary.
Sztojkov-Ivanov, Anita
  • Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Cserhalmi, Dániel
  • Department of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

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