Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol base after oral administration in adult horses.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol base after PO administration at a dose of SO mg/kg (22.7 mg/lb) in adult horses from which food was not withheld. DESIGN Prospective crossover study. ANIMALS 5 adult mares. PROCEDURES Chloramphenicol base (SO mg/kg) was administered PO to each horse, and blood samples were collected prior to administration (0 minutes) and at 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours thereafter. Following a washout period, chloramphenicol sodium succinate (25 mg/kg [11.4 mg/lb]) was administered IV to each horse, and blood samples were collected prior to administration (0 minutes) and at 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours thereafter. RESULTS In horses, plasma half-life, volume of distribution at steady state, clearance, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve for chloramphenicol after IV administration ranged from 0.65 to 1.20 hours, 0.51 to 0.78 L/kg, 0.78 to 1.22 L/h/kg, and 20.5 to 32.1 h·μg/mL, respectively. The elimination half-life, time to maximum plasma concentration, maximum plasma concentration, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve after PO administration ranged from 1.7 to 7.4 hours, 0.25 to 2.00 hours, 1.52 to 5.45 μg/mL, and 10.3 to 21.6 h·μg/mL, respectively. Mean ± SD chloramphenicol bioavailability was 28 ± 10% and terminal half-life was 2.85 ± 1.32 hours following PO administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Given that the maximum plasma chloramphenicol concentration in this study was lower than previously reported values, it is recommended to determine the drug's MIC for target bacteria before administration of chloramphenicol in adult horses.
Publication Date: 2017-06-18 PubMed ID: 28621597DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.1.90Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The study is about quantifying how the drug chloramphenicol behaves within the body of adult horses, when given orally, to identify proper dosage. The research also suggests the need for establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for target bacteria before administering chloramphenicol to adult horses.
Objective and Design
- The research is designed as a prospective crossover study. It aims to understand the pharmacokinetics, or the behavior of the drug inside the body, of chloramphenicol, a type of antibiotic, when it’s administered orally in adult horses.
- Five adult mares participated in the study where they were given a specific dosage of chloramphenicol.
Procedure
- Each horse was administered a 50mg/kg dose of the chloramphenicol base orally. Their blood samples were collected at different intervals starting from the administration to up to 12 hours post administration.
- In the second phase of research, after a washout period, the horses were given chloramphenicol sodium succinate through intravenous (IV) administration. The rate was a lower dosage of 25mg/kg. Blood samples were collected again at different intervals to analyze how the drug was processed in the body.
Results
- The study revealed specific numerical values for pharmacokinetic parameters including plasma half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for chloramphenicol after IV administration.
- Similar parameters including elimination half-life, time to maximum plasma concentration, maximum plasma concentration, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve was also determined for oral administration.
- The results also revealed the bioavailability and terminal half-life of the antibiotic when administered orally.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
- The study concluded that the maximum plasma chloramphenicol concentration was lower than previously reported values. This result underlines the importance of determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for target bacteria before chloramphenicol administration to adult horses. MIC is the lowest concentration of the drug that inhibits visible bacterial growth, and this is crucial for understanding the effective dosage.
Cite This Article
APA
McElligott EM, Sommardahl CS, Cox SK.
(2017).
Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol base after oral administration in adult horses.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 251(1), 90-94.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.251.1.90 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Biological Availability
- Chloramphenicol / administration & dosage
- Chloramphenicol / analogs & derivatives
- Chloramphenicol / pharmacokinetics
- Cross-Over Studies
- Female
- Half-Life
- Horses / metabolism
- Prospective Studies
Citations
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