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Home / Equine Research Bank / Virology / Phylogenetic analysis of alphaviruses in the Venezuelan equi...
Virology1992; 191(1); 282-290; doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90190-z

Phylogenetic analysis of alphaviruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex and identification of the source of epizootic viruses.

Abstract: We studied the evolution of alphaviruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex using phylogenetic analysis of RNA nucleotide sequences from limited portions of the nsP4, E1, and 3' untranslated genome regions of representative strains. The VEE complex constituted a monophyletic group of viruses (descended from a common ancestor); some serologic VEE varieties such as subtype III formed monophyletic groups while subtype I did not. Subtype II Everglades and variety ID enzootic viruses formed a monophyletic group which also included all epizootic variety IAB and IC VEE isolates. Everglades virus diverged from this ID lineage (colonized North America) ca. 100-150 years ago, followed by divergence of variety IAB and IC epizootic viruses. Variety IAB viruses probably emerged from the variety ID lineage once during the early part of this century, while variety IC viruses evolved at least two times. These results identify the source of epizootic VEE viruses as the variety ID enzootic virus lineage which occurs in northern South America and Panama. Even if variety IAB and IC viruses are extinct, recent, multiple emergences of epizootic viruses from an enzootic lineage suggests that other epizootic VEE viruses may evolve again in the future. The close genetic relationship of subtype II Everglades virus to the variety ID lineage also implies the potential for emergence of equine-virulent VEE viruses in Florida.
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Publication Date: 1992-11-01 PubMed ID: 1413507DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90190-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article is about the study of the evolution of alphaviruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex and determining the origin of epizootic viruses using phylogenetic analysis of specific RNA nucleotide sequences.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Alphaviruses

  • The researchers conducted an evolutionary study of alphaviruses, which are a group of RNA viruses that can cause diseases in mammals and birds. These were present in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex.
  • Phylogenetic analysis helped the scientists investigate the genetic relationships between the viruses. This approach uses the RNA nucleotide sequences from limited sections of the viral genome, specifically the nsP4, E1, and 3′ untranslated regions.
  • The viruses in the VEE complex were found to be monophyletic, meaning they all descended from a common ancestor.

Virus Varieties and Lineages

  • Some variants of the VEE virus, such as subtype III, formed individual monophyletic groups, indicating a single common ancestor. In contrast, subtype I was not monophyletic.
  • Two types of viruses, the subtype II Everglades and the variety ID enzootic viruses, also formed a unique monophyletic group. This group included all epizootic varieties IAB and IC VEE isolates.
  • The Everglades virus separated from this ID lineage about 100-150 years ago and colonized North America. This divergence was followed by the divergence of IAB and IC epizootic viruses.
  • The variety IAB viruses likely emerged from the ID lineage early in the 20th century, while IC viruses evolved at least twice.

Source of Epizootic Viruses and Future Implications

  • These results helped identify the source of epizootic VEE viruses as the variety ID enzootic virus lineage, which is prevalent in northern South America and Panama.
  • While the IAB and IC virus varieties might be extinct, the potential for new epizootic viruses to evolve from the enzootic lineage remains.
  • The research results indicate a close genetic relationship between the subtype II Everglades virus and the variety ID lineage. This relationship implies a potential for the emergence of equine-virulent VEE viruses in Florida, posing a possible future health threat.

Cite This Article

APA
Weaver SC, Bellew LA, Rico-Hesse R. (1992). Phylogenetic analysis of alphaviruses in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex and identification of the source of epizootic viruses. Virology, 191(1), 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(92)90190-z

Publication

Virology
ISSN: 0042-6822
NlmUniqueID: 0110674
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 191
Issue: 1
Pages: 282-290

Researcher Affiliations

Weaver, S C
  • Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Bellew, L A
    Rico-Hesse, R

      MeSH Terms

      • Base Sequence
      • Biological Evolution
      • DNA, Viral
      • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / classification
      • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / genetics
      • Molecular Sequence Data
      • Mutation
      • Phenotype
      • Phylogeny
      • RNA, Viral / analysis
      • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

      Grant Funding

      • AI14627 / NIAID NIH HHS
      • AI26787 / NIAID NIH HHS
      • AI27779 / NIAID NIH HHS

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