Phylogenetic and structural studies of a novel equine papillomavirus identified from aural plaques.
Abstract: Papillomaviruses (PVs) infect a wide range of animal species and show great genetic diversity. To date, excluding equine sarcoids, only three species of PVs were identified associated with lesions in horses: Equus caballus papillomavirus 1 (EcPV1-cutaneous), EcPV2 (genital) and EcPV3 (aural plaques). In this study, we identified a novel equine PV from aural plaques, which we designated EcPV4. Cutaneous samples from horses with lesions that were microscopically diagnosed as aural plaques were subjected to DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. Rolling circle amplification and inverse PCR with specific primers confirmed the presence of an approximately 8 kb circular genome. The full-length EcPV4 L1 major capsid protein sequence has 1488 nucleotides (495 amino acids). EcPV4 had a sequence identity of only 53.3%, 60.2% and 51.7% when compared with the published sequences for EcPV1, EcPV2 and EcPV3, respectively. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis indicated that EcPV4 clusters with EcPV2, but not with EcPV1 and EcPV3. Using the current PV classification system that is based on the nucleotide sequence of L1, we could not define the genus of the newly identified virus. Therefore, a structural analysis of the L1 protein was carried out to aid in this classification because EcPV4 cause lesion similar to the lesion caused by EcPV3. A comparison of the superficial loops demonstrated a distinct amino acid conservation pattern between EcPV4/EcPV2 and EcPV4/EcPV3. These results demonstrate the presence of a new equine PV species and that structural studies could be useful in the classification of PVs.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-09-01 PubMed ID: 22995874DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.025Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research outlines the discovery and analysis of a new type of Papillomavirus (PV) found in horses, named EcPV4. The study discusses the identification processes, structural analysis and genetic comparison of the new virus with previously known horse PVs.
Identification of EcPV4
- The researchers extracted DNA samples from skin lesions on horses identified as aural (relating to the ear) plaques. They amplified and sequenced this DNA.
- EcPV4’s genome was found to be approximately 8 kilobases in size, and circular in shape.
- This discovery revealed that EcPV4 was a new species of PV, as its genetic sequence was distinct from those of previously known equine PVs called EcPV1, EcPV2 and EcPV3.
Genetic Comparison
- The genetic sequence of EcPV4 was compared with EcPV1, EcPV2 and EcPV3. The results showed it shared only 53.3%, 60.2% and 51.7% identity with EcPV1, EcPV2 and EcPV3, respectively.
- A phylogenetic analysis was carried out to identify relationships between the various equine PVs. The results indicated that EcPV4 clusters with EcPV2, but is distinct from EcPV1 and EcPV3.
Structural Analysis and Classification
- Due to the unique genetic sequence of EcPV4, the existing classification system for PVs was not able to define its genus.
- Consequently, the researchers analysed the structure of the L1 protein in EcPV4, a major component of PVs, to assist with its classification.
- This analysis involved comparing the superficial loops of the L1 protein in EcPV4 with those in EcPV2 and EcPV3. The results displayed unique amino acid conservation patterns, further unveiling the unique nature of EcPV4 and its structural similarities with EcPV2.
Significance
- This research uncovers the existence of a new species of Papillomavirus in horses. It also demonstrates the need for a broader classification system for PVs.
- The discovery of EcPV4 and its structural analysis contributes to the genome diversity understanding and provides insights into the evolution and taxonomy of Papillomaviruses.
Cite This Article
APA
Taniwaki SA, Magro AJ, Gorino AC, Oliveira-Filho JP, Fontes MR, Borges AS, Araujo JP.
(2012).
Phylogenetic and structural studies of a novel equine papillomavirus identified from aural plaques.
Vet Microbiol, 162(1), 85-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.025 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil. jpessoa@ibb.unesp.br
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Bayes Theorem
- Capsid Proteins / chemistry
- Capsid Proteins / genetics
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Viral / chemistry
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Ear, External / pathology
- Ear, External / virology
- Genetic Variation
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Papillomaviridae / chemistry
- Papillomaviridae / classification
- Papillomaviridae / genetics
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Mira J, Herman M, Zakia LS, Olivo G, Araújo JP Jr, Borges AS, Oliveira-Filho JP. Frequency of Equus caballus papillomavirus in equine aural plaques.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018 Jul;30(4):565-568.
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