Phylogeny of trichostome ciliates (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) endosymbiotic in the Yakut horse (Equus caballus).
Abstract: Ciliates of the subclass Trichostomatia inhabit the fermentative regions of the digestive tract of herbivores. Most available small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSrRNA) gene sequences of trichostomes are from species isolated from the rumen of cattle or sheep and from marsupials. No ciliate species endosymbiotic in horses has yet been analyzed. We have sequenced the SSrRNA genes of five ciliate species, isolated from the cecum and colon of four Yakut horses: Cycloposthium edentatum, Cycloposthium ishikawai, Tripalmaria dogieli, Cochliatoxum periachtum, and Paraisotricha colpoidea. Based on their morphology, Cycloposthium, Tripalmaria, and Cochliatoxum are classified as Entodiniomorphida, while Paraisotricha is considered a member of the Vestibuliferida. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference, distance, and parsimony methods confirm these placements. The two Cycloposthium species cluster together with the published Cycloposthium species isolated from a wallaby in Australia. Tripalmaria and Cochliatoxum branch as a sister group to or basal within the Entodiniomorphida. The Vestibuliferida remain paraphyletic with Paraisotricha and Balantidium branching basal to all other trichostome species, but not closely related to Isotricha and Dasytricha.
Publication Date: 2007-08-27 PubMed ID: 17720462DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2007.06.005Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research is focused on studying the phylogeny of trichostome ciliates, a type of unicellular microorganism, that exist as endosymbionts in the digestive tract of Yakut horses.
Understanding Trichostome Ciliates
- Trichostome ciliates, classified under the subclass Trichostomatia, are microscopic unicellular organisms that often inhabit the digestive tracts of herbivores.
- These ciliates specifically exist in regions of the digestive system where fermentation occurs.
- Their presence is most common in the rumens of cattle or sheep, and in marsupials.
- This study aims to investigate these ciliates in horses, a subject which has not been explored before.
Methods and Findings
- The researchers sequenced the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSrRNA) genes of five different ciliate species that were isolated from the digestive systems (cecum and colon) of four Yakut horses.
- The species investigated were Cycloposthium edentatum, Cycloposthium ishikawai, Tripalmaria dogieli, Cochliatoxum periachtum and Paraisotricha colpoidea.
- Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian inference, distance measurement and parsimony methods, which confirmed the morphological classifications of these ciliates.
Classification and Relatedness of Ciliate Species
- The species Cycloposthium, Tripalmaria and Cochliatoxum were classified as Entodiniomorphida based on their morphology.
- The two Cycloposthium species displayed close relation to previously studied Cycloposthium species from a wallaby in Australia.
- On the other hand, Tripalmaria and Cochliatoxum were found to branch either as a sister group to, or within, the Entodiniomorphida.
- The other ciliate species, Paraisotricha, was classified as part of Vestibuliferida.
- However, the Vestibuliferida were found to be paraphyletic with Paraisotricha and Balantidium branching off at the base of all other trichostome species, indicating they are not closely related to Isotricha and Dasytricha.
Cite This Article
APA
Strüder-Kypke MC, Kornilova OA, Lynn DH.
(2007).
Phylogeny of trichostome ciliates (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) endosymbiotic in the Yakut horse (Equus caballus).
Eur J Protistol, 43(4), 319-328.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2007.06.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. mstruede@uoguelph.ca
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Bayes Theorem
- Cecum / parasitology
- Ciliophora / classification
- Ciliophora / cytology
- Ciliophora / genetics
- Ciliophora Infections / parasitology
- Ciliophora Infections / veterinary
- Colon / parasitology
- DNA Primers / chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal / chemistry
- Horse Diseases / parasitology
- Horses / parasitology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Species Specificity
- Symbiosis
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Fregulia P, Cedrola F, Senra MVX, D'Agosto M, Dias RJP. New Finds on the Systematics of Cycloposthiid Ciliates (Ciliophora: Entodiniomorphida: Cycloposthiidae) Based on New 18S-rDNA Sequences from a Brazilian Capybara. Curr Microbiol 2021 Nov;78(11):3872-3876.
- Obert T, Vďačný P. Delimitation of five astome ciliate species isolated from the digestive tube of three ecologically different groups of lumbricid earthworms, using the internal transcribed spacer region and the hypervariable D1/D2 region of the 28S rRNA gene. BMC Evol Biol 2020 Mar 14;20(1):37.
- Cedrola F, Senra MVX, Rossi MF, Fregulia P, D'Agosto M, Dias RJP. Trichostomatid Ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Trichostomatia) Systematics and Diversity: Past, Present, and Future. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2967.
- Zhao W, Li C, Zhang D, Wang R, Zheng Y, Zou H, Li W, Wu S, Wang G, Li M. Balantidium grimi n. sp. (Ciliophora, Litostomatea), a new species inhabiting the rectum of the frog Quasipaa spinosa from Lishui, China. Parasite 2018;25:29.
- Vdacný P. Evolutionary Associations of Endosymbiotic Ciliates Shed Light on the Timing of the Marsupial-Placental Split. Mol Biol Evol 2018 Jul 1;35(7):1757-1769.
- Li M, Ponce-Gordo F, Grim JN, Wang C, Nilsen F. New insights into the molecular phylogeny of Balantidium (Ciliophora, Vetibuliferida) based on the analysis of new sequences of species from fish hosts. Parasitol Res 2014 Dec;113(12):4327-33.
- Pomajbíková K, Oborník M, Horák A, Petrželková KJ, Grim JN, Levecke B, Todd A, Mulama M, Kiyang J, Modrý D. Novel insights into the genetic diversity of Balantidium and Balantidium-like cyst-forming ciliates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7(3):e2140.
- Vd'ačný P, Bourland WA, Orsi W, Epstein SS, Foissner W. Genealogical analyses of multiple loci of litostomatean ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Litostomatea). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012 Nov;65(2):397-411.
- Vďačný P, Orsi W, Bourland WA, Shimano S, Epstein SS, Foissner W. Morphological and molecular phylogeny of dileptid and tracheliid ciliates: resolution at the base of the class Litostomatea (Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia). Eur J Protistol 2011 Nov;47(4):295-313.
- Schuster FL, Ramirez-Avila L. Current world status of Balantidium coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008 Oct;21(4):626-38.
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