Physical exercise, oxidative stress and muscle damage in racehorses.
Abstract: Since it has been suggested that lipid peroxidation following free radical overproduction may be one of the causes of physical exercise-induced myopathies and hemolysis in horses, we looked for the possible relationships between these phenomena and muscle fiber damage. We use a homogeneous group of Maremmana stallions which, after a 3-month training period, underwent a series of physical exercises of increasing intensity. We determined the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), one of the main lipid peroxidation end-products, and glutathione the substrate of one of the most important free radical scavenger enzymes. We also measured creatine phosphokinase and serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme activities whose modification may be indicative of muscle fiber damage. The results obtained indicated that the physical exercise we adopted was able to modify both MDA and glutathione contents in blood. However, its effect on some LDH isoenzyme activities suggested possible damage to tissues other than muscle.
Publication Date: 1998-10-27 PubMed ID: 9787774DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10001-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the relationship between physical exercise and oxidative stress leading to muscle damage in racehorses, this study shows how intense exercise can modify important biochemical markers, potentially causing tissue damage.
Study Background
- The study originates from the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation caused by free radical overproduction might be a cause of exercise-induced myopathies (muscle diseases) and hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) in horses.
- The researchers examined the probable links between these phenomena and muscle fiber damage.
Research Methodology
- A homogeneous group of Maremmana stallions were trained over a 3-month period and then underwent a series of increasingly intensive physical exercises.
- Researchers measured the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione, significant markers in the process of lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging.
- They also measured the activities of creatine phosphokinase (an enzyme released into the blood when there is muscle damage) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (SLDH) isoenzyme. Changes in the activities of these enzymes can indicate muscle fiber damage.
Research Findings
- Results revealed that the physical exercise modality adopted in the study influenced both MDA and glutathione levels in blood.
- However, the impact observed on some LDH isoenzyme activities indicated potential damage to tissues other than muscle, implying that intense exercise could have systemic effects, affecting multiple tissue types.
Conclusion
- The study provides valuable insights into how intense exercise impacts biochemical markers related to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and muscle damage in horses.
- These findings can improve our understanding of how demanding physical activities affect equine health, and can potentially guide the development of better training regimens and recovery protocols for racehorses.
Cite This Article
APA
Chiaradia E, Avellini L, Rueca F, Spaterna A, Porciello F, Antonioni MT, Gaiti A.
(1998).
Physical exercise, oxidative stress and muscle damage in racehorses.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 119(4), 833-836.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10001-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Istituto di Biochimica e Chimica Medica, University of Perugia, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Creatine Kinase / blood
- Glutathione / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Isoenzymes
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / blood
- Lipid Peroxidation / physiology
- Male
- Malondialdehyde / blood
- Muscles / pathology
- Oxidative Stress / physiology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Kosaruk W, Brown JL, Towiboon P, Punyapornwithaya V, Pringproa K, Thitaram C. Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand.. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 5;13(9).
- Gołyński M, Metyk M, Ciszewska J, Szczepanik MP, Fitch G, Bęczkowski PM. Homocysteine-Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator of Health and Disease in Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 11;13(8).
- Beghelli D, Zallocco L, Angeloni C, Bistoni O, Ronci M, Cavallucci C, Mazzoni MR, Nuccitelli A, Catalano C, Hrelia S, L쫌hini A, Giusti L. Dietary Supplementation with Boswellia serrata, Verbascum thapsus, and Curcuma longa in Show Jumping Horses: Effects on Serum Proteome, Antioxidant Status, and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression.. Life (Basel) 2023 Mar 10;13(3).
- Arfuso F, Rizzo M, Giannetto C, Giudice E, Cirincione R, Cassata G, Cicero L, Piccione G. Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters' Assessment Together with Homocysteine and Muscle Enzymes in Racehorses: Evaluation of Positive Effects of Exercise.. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Jun 15;11(6).
- Rossi R, Lo Feudo CM, Zucca E, Vizzarri F, Corino C, Ferrucci F. Innovative Blood Antioxidant Test in Standardbred Trotter Horses.. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Dec 18;10(12).
- Nemec Svete A, Vovk T, Bohar Topolovec M, Kruljc P. Effects of Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q(10) Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Untrained Leisure Horses Subjected to Acute Moderate Exercise.. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Jun 3;10(6).
- Brkljača Bottegaro N, Gotić J, Šuran J, Brozić D, Klobučar K, Bojanić K, Vrbanac Z. Effect of prolonged submaximal exercise on serum oxidative stress biomarkers (d-ROMs, MDA, BAP) and oxidative stress index in endurance horses.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Jul 6;14(1):216.
- Tsubone H, Hanafusa M, Endo M, Manabe N, Hiraga A, Ohmura H, Aida H. Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Hydrogen-rich Water Intake on Serum Oxidative and Anti-oxidative Metabolites in Serum of Thoroughbred Horses.. J Equine Sci 2013;24(1):1-8.
- Kinnunen S, Atalay M, Hyyppä S, Lehmuskero A, Hänninen O, Oksala N. Effects of prolonged exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in endurance horse.. J Sports Sci Med 2005 Dec;4(4):415-21.
- Lamprecht ED, Williams CA. Biomarkers of antioxidant status, inflammation, and cartilage metabolism are affected by acute intense exercise but not superoxide dismutase supplementation in horses.. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012;2012:920932.
- Williams CA, Burk AO. Antioxidant status in elite three-day event horses during competition.. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012;2012:572090.
- Lee SP, Mar GY, Ng LT. Effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction on exercise endurance capacity and oxidative stress in forced swimming rats.. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009 Nov;107(5):587-95.
- Kinnunen S, Hyyppä S, Lappalainen J, Oksala N, Venojärvi M, Nakao C, Hänninen O, Sen CK, Atalay M. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle stress protein responses in trotters.. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005 Jan;93(4):496-501.
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