Homocysteine-Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator of Health and Disease in Horses.
Abstract: Homocysteine is an endogenous, non-protein sulfuric amino acid, an intermediate metabolite formed by the methionine transmethylation reaction. Its elevated serum concentration in humans, hyperhomocysteinemia, is a sensitive indicator and a risk factor for coagulation disorders, cardiovascular diseases and dementia. However, the role of homocysteine in veterinary species has not been unequivocally established. Although some research has been conducted in dogs, cats, cattle and pigs, relatively few studies on homocysteine have been conducted in horses. So far, it has been established in this species that homocysteine has an atherogenic effect, plays a role in early embryo mortality and is responsible for the induction of oxidative stress. These preliminary findings support establishing a reference range in a normal population of horses, including horses in training and merit further investigations into the role of this amino acid in health and disease in this species.
Publication Date: 2023-04-11 PubMed ID: 37106874PubMed Central: PMC10135347DOI: 10.3390/ani13081311Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
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Summary
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This research explores the potential of homocysteine as a novel diagnostic indicator of health and disease in horses.
What is Homocysteine?
- Homocysteine is an endogenous, non-protein sulfuric amino acid. Endogenous implies that the substance is formed within the organism, cell, or system it acts upon rather than coming from an external source.
- As an intermediate metabolite, it’s a byproduct resulted from the methionine transmethylation reaction, which is a biochemical process involving the transfer of a methyl group from methionine, an essential amino acid.
Role of Homocysteine in Humans
- In humans, elevated concentrations of homocysteine in the serum, known as hyperhomocysteinemia, serves as a sensitive, potential warning sign. It is considered a risk factor for various health complications like coagulation disorders (issues with blood clotting), cardiovascular diseases (like heart disease or stroke), and dementia.
Homocysteine in Veterinary Species
- The role of homocysteine in animals, specifically veterinary species, is yet to be conclusively established. Some research has been conducted in dogs, cats, cattle, and pigs but there are relatively fewer studies about homocysteine’s role in horses.
Homocysteine’s Effects in Horses
- From what research has been carried out, it’s been established that homocysteine can have an atherogenic effect in horses. Atherogenic means contributing to the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries, which is a common cause of heart disease.
- It is also suggested as a factor in early embryo mortality among horses.
- The amino acid has been implicated in inducing oxidative stress in horses. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract or detoxify their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants.
Future Research Directions
- Given these preliminary findings, this research supports the establishment of a reference range for homocysteine levels in a normal population of horses, which would include horses in training.
- Further investigation into the role of homocysteine in the health and disease of horses is seen as meritorious, suggesting the possibility of using this amino acid as a diagnostic indicator in this species.
Cite This Article
APA
Gou0142yu0144ski M, Metyk M, Ciszewska J, Szczepanik MP, Fitch G, Bu0119czkowski PM.
(2023).
Homocysteine-Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator of Health and Disease in Horses.
Animals (Basel), 13(8), 1311.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081311 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruu0144, 87-100 Toruu0144, Poland.
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruu0144, 87-100 Toruu0144, Poland.
- Sub-Department of Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
- Sub-Department of Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Grant Funding
- Madam CHONG Kin Wo, a donor of City University of Hong Kong
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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