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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Physicochemical Approach to Determine the Mechanism for Acid...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2015; 29(5); 1395-1402; doi: 10.1111/jvim.13590

Physicochemical Approach to Determine the Mechanism for Acid-Base Disorders in 793 Hospitalized Foals.

Abstract: The quantitative effect of strong electrolytes, unmeasured strong anions (UAs), pCO2, and plasma protein concentrations in determining plasma pH can be demonstrated using the physicochemical approach. Plasma anion gap (AG) and strong ion gap (SIG) are used to assess UAs in different species. Objective: Strong ions are a major factor influencing changes in plasma pH of hospitalized foals. AG and SIG accurately predict severe hyper-L-lactatemia ([L-lac(-)] > 7 mmol/L). Methods: Seven hundred and ninety three hospitalized foals < 7 days old. Methods: Retrospective study. The relationship between measured pH and physicochemical variables, and the relationship between plasma [L-lac(-)] and AG and SIG, were determined using regression analyses. Optimal AG and SIG cut points to predict hyper-L-lactatemia were identified using an ROC curve analysis. Results: Combined, the measured strong ion difference and SIG accounted for 54-69% of the changes in the measured arterial pH of hospitalized foals. AG and SIG were significantly associated with plasma [L-lac(-)] (P < .0001). The receiver operator characteristics (ROC) AUC of AG and SIG for prediction of severe hyper-L-lactatemia were 0.89 (95%CI, 0.8-0.95; P < .0001) and 0.90 (95%CI, 0.81-0.96; P 27 mmol/L (sensitivity 80%, 95%CI, 56-94, specificity 85%, 95%CI, 73-93; P < .0001) and SIG <-15 mmol/L (sensitivity 90%, 95%CI, 68-98; specificity 80%; 95%CI, 68-90; P < .0001). Conclusions: Altered concentrations of strong ions (Na(+), K(+), Cl(-)) and UAs were the primary cause of acidemia of hospitalized foals. AG and SIG were good predictors of hyper-L-lactatemia and could be used as surrogate tests.
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2015-08-10 PubMed ID: 26256847PubMed Central: PMC4858039DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13590Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study examines the influence of different factors on plasma pH changes in hospitalized foals, demonstrating that strong ions and unmeasured anions primarily cause pH alterations. The results also suggest that the Anion Gap (AG) and Strong Ion Gap (SIG) are effective predictors of hyper-L-lactatemia in these young horses.

Objective and Methodology of the Research

  • The primary objective of this research was to understand how significant a factor strong ions were in influencing plasma pH changes in hospitalized foals. The study also aimed to verify if the AG and SIG can accurately predict severe hyper-L-lactatemia in these foals.
  • The study followed a retrospective method and involved 793 hospitalized foals, all less than a week old.
  • A regression analysis was employed to determine the relationships between plasma pH and physicochemical variables as well as between plasma lactate ion concentration ([L-lac(-)]) and AG and SIG.
  • An ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristics) curve analysis was utilized to find the optimal AG and SIG cut-off points to predict hyper-L-lactatemia.

Outcomes of the Research

  • The major finding was that strong electrolytes and SIG jointly accounted for 54-69% of changes seen in the measured arterial pH of hospitalized foals. This substantiates the study’s hypothesis that strong ions are a prominent factor influencing plasma pH alterations in foals.
  • Both AG and SIG demonstrated a strong association with plasma [L-lac(-)] with a statistical significance of P < .0001.
  • The ROC analysis for AG and SIG prediction of severe hyper-L-lactatemia yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 and 0.90, respectively, denoting these elements as reliable predictors.
  • Hyper-L-lactatemia was best predicted with an AG of over 27 mmol/L and SIG of less than -15 mmol/L.

Conclusions from the Research

  • The final conclusion from this study was that altered concentrations of strong ions (the electrolytes sodium, potassium, and chloride) and unmeasured anions are the leading cause of acidemia in hospitalized foals.
  • Moreover, the Anion Gap (AG) and Strong Ion Gap (SIG) can predict severe hyper-L-lactatemia effectively in these animals, making them good surrogate tests for this condition.

Cite This Article

APA
Gomez DE, Biermann NM, Sanchez LC. (2015). Physicochemical Approach to Determine the Mechanism for Acid-Base Disorders in 793 Hospitalized Foals. J Vet Intern Med, 29(5), 1395-1402. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13590

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 29
Issue: 5
Pages: 1395-1402

Researcher Affiliations

Gomez, D E
  • Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
Biermann, N M
  • Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
Sanchez, L C
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Acid-Base Equilibrium
  • Acid-Base Imbalance / blood
  • Acid-Base Imbalance / diagnosis
  • Acid-Base Imbalance / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn / blood
  • Chlorides / blood
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horses
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Lactates / blood
  • Male
  • Potassium / blood
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sodium / blood

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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