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Osteoarthritis and cartilage2006; 15(5); 575-586; doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.10.016

Physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes.

Abstract: Post-proliferative chondrocytes in growth cartilage are present in two forms, light and dark cells. These cells undergo hypertrophy and die by a mechanism that is morphologically distinct from apoptosis, but has not been characterized. The aims of the current study were to document the ultrastructural appearance of dying hypertrophic chondrocytes, and to establish a culture system in which the mechanism of their death can be examined. Methods: Growth cartilage from fetal and growing postnatal horses was examined by electron microscopy. Chondrocytes were isolated from epiphyseal cartilage from fetal horses and grown in pellet culture, then examined by light and electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: In tissue specimens, it was observed that dying dark chondrocytes underwent progressive extrusion of cytoplasm into the extracellular space, whereas light chondrocytes appeared to disintegrate within the cellular membrane. Pellets cultured in 0.1% fetal calf serum (FCS) contained dying light and dark chondrocytes similar to those seen in vivo. Transforming growth factor-beta1 or 10% FCS increased the proportion of dark cells and induced cell death. Triiodothyronine increased the differentiation of dark and light cells and induced their death. Dark cells were associated with higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression than light cells, and light cells were associated with higher levels of type II collagen expression. Conclusions: Light and dark hypertrophic chondrocytes each undergo a distinctive series of non-apoptotic morphological changes as they die. Pellet culture can be used as a model of the two forms of physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes.
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Publication Date: 2006-12-13 PubMed ID: 17174118DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.10.016Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the unique death mechanism of hypertrophic chondrocytes (a type of cell found in cartilage), which is separate from the commonly-known process of apoptosis. The study aims to understand this process by looking at the ultrastructural changes these cells undergo during their demise and establishing a culture system for further examination.

Methodology

  • The study used growth cartilage samples from both fetal and growing postnatal horses. These samples were studied under electron microscopes.
  • Chondrocytes were extracted from the epiphyseal cartilage of fetal horses and grown in a controlled environment (pellet culture). They were then assessed using light and electron microscopes, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

  • The research found that dying dark chondrocytes displayed progressive extrusion of their cytoplasm into the extracellular space. Light chondrocytes, on the other hand, appeared to disintegrate within their cellular membrane.
  • It was observed that culturing pellets in 0.1% fetal calf serum resulted in dying light and dark chondrocytes. These resembled what was visualized in living tissue samples.
  • Adding transforming growth factor-beta1 or increasing fetal calf serum to 10% resulted in an increased proportion of dark cells and led to cell death.
  • The hormone triiodothyronine enhanced the differentiation of both dark and light cells and caused their death.
  • Additionally, the dark cells showed higher expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 compared to the light cells, which displayed increased type II collagen expression.

Conclusions

  • From the observations, it was concluded that both light and dark hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo unique non-apoptotic morphological changes prior to their death.
  • The study also established that pellet culture could be a viable model for studying the two types of physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes.

Cite This Article

APA
Ahmed YA, Tatarczuch L, Pagel CN, Davies HM, Mirams M, Mackie EJ. (2006). Physiological death of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 15(5), 575-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2006.10.016

Publication

Osteoarthritis and cartilage
ISSN: 1063-4584
NlmUniqueID: 9305697
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Pages: 575-586

Researcher Affiliations

Ahmed, Y A
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Tatarczuch, L
    Pagel, C N
      Davies, H M S
        Mirams, M
          Mackie, E J

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Apoptosis
            • Cell Death
            • Chondrocytes / ultrastructure
            • Collagen Type II / metabolism
            • Growth Plate / ultrastructure
            • Horses
            • Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / metabolism
            • Microscopy, Electron
            • Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / metabolism

            Citations

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