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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Plasma Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration in Normal Horses and...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(1); doi: 10.3390/ani15010092

Plasma Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration in Normal Horses and in Horses with Cardiac Abnormalities.

Abstract: Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is a highly sensitive and specific marker of myocardial injury detectable in plasma by immunoassay techniques. Inclusion criteria over a 3-year period required a diagnosis of cardiac disease accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) and cardiac ultrasound examinations (n = 23) in adult horses (≥2 years of age). A second group of normal adult ponies (n = 12) was studied as a reference group. Heparinized jugular venous blood samples were collected and centrifuged within 30 min, and the plasma was separated and frozen at -70 °C for subsequent batched cTnI analysis. The lower limit of detection was 0.01 ng/mL, and the upper limit was 100 ng/mL of plasma. Normal equine plasma cTnI concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 ng/mL (n = 12). Horses with non-arrhythmogenic murmurs (n = 4) included tricuspid (0.05 ng/mL cTnI), mitral (0.07), and aortic insufficiencies (0.01, 0.02). Horses with benign atrial fibrillation (n = 8) had a cTnI range of <0.01-0.09 ng/mL, with four horses having cTnI concentrations falling slightly outside the reference range (0.04, 0.05, 0.06, and 0.09). Horses with ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular premature contractions or ventricular tachycardia) and documentable myocardial toxicities or immunological reactions (n = 5) had cTnI concentrations of 0.05, 0.21, 0.31, 15.18, and >100 ng/mL. Horses with ventricular arrhythmias but no documentation of myocardial toxicity (n = 3) had cTnI concentrations of 0.34, 0.46, and 80.42 ng/mL. When grouped by arrhythmia type and compared using the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, the median ventricular arrhythmia cTnI (0.40 ng/mL) was significantly higher than the median atrial fibrillation cTnI (0.04 ng/mL, p < 0.001). It was concluded that horses with myocardial toxicities and ventricular arrhythmias often had severe elevations in plasma cTnI.
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Publication Date: 2025-01-03 PubMed ID: 39795035PubMed Central: PMC11718798DOI: 10.3390/ani15010092Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examined concentrations of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), a marker signifying heart damage, in healthy horses and those diagnosed with various cardiac conditions.

Research Methodology

  • A total of 23 adult horses diagnosed with cardiac diseases were studied over a period of 3 years. The diagnoses were made based on electrocardiographic (ECG) and ultrasound examinations of the heart.
  • A reference group was also included in the study, which consisted of 12 healthy adult ponies.
  • Heparinized jugular venous blood samples were collected from the study subjects and processed within 30 minutes. The plasma was separated from the blood and frozen for subsequent batch analyses of cTnI.
  • The cTnI levels were measured using a detection range of 0.01 to 100 ng/mL of plasma.

Findings

  • The researchers found that normal horses had plasma cTnI concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 ng/mL.
  • Horses diagnosed with non-arrhythmogenic murmurs, such as tricuspid, mitral or aortic insufficiencies, had slightly higher cTnI levels ranging between 0.01 and 0.07 ng/mL.
  • Horses with benign atrial fibrillation showcased a cTnI range of less than 0.01 to 0.09 ng/mL, with four horses slightly exceeding the reference range.
  • Horses diagnosed with ventricular arrhythmias, either in the form of premature contractions or ventricular tachycardia, and proven myocardial toxicities or immunological reactions, showed substantially higher cTnI levels varying between 0.05 to more than 100 ng/mL.
  • Horses experiencing ventricular arrhythmias but without any documented myocardial toxicity had high cTnI concentrations, varying between 0.34 to 80.42 ng/mL.
  • Upon group comparison using the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, it was found that the median cTnI level was significantly higher in horses with ventricular arrhythmias (0.40 ng/mL) compared to those with atrial fibrillation (0.04 ng/mL).

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that horses with myocardial toxicities and ventricular arrhythmias often displayed severe elevations in plasma cTnI levels. Thus, monitoring cTnI may be useful in assessing heart damage in horses, especially those demonstrating ventricular arrhythmias.

Cite This Article

APA
Foreman JH, Tennent-Brown BS, Oyama MA, Sisson DD. (2025). Plasma Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration in Normal Horses and in Horses with Cardiac Abnormalities. Animals (Basel), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15010092

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1

Researcher Affiliations

Foreman, Jonathan H
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Tennent-Brown, Brett S
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Oyama, Mark A
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Sisson, D David
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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