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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospital...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2015; 29(6); 1660-1666; doi: 10.1111/jvim.13626

Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin.

Abstract: Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antimicrobial commonly used in horses at 6.6 mg/kg IV once daily. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can confirm desired peak concentration is reached for common bacterial isolates, and detect toxicosis associated with high trough values. Objective: Determine the relationship between gentamicin dose and plasma concentration in hospitalized horses, and identify a starting dose range to achieve peaks > 32 μg/mL. Methods: Sixty-five horses (2002-2010) receiving once-daily gentamicin with TDM performed (N = 99 sets). Methods: Retrospective study. Data from hospitalized horses including weight, dose, plasma peak, and trough gentamicin concentration, creatinine concentrations and presence of focal or systemic disease were collected from medical records. Peak concentrations measured 25-35 minutes after administration were included (N = 77). Data were divided into low (9.7 mg/kg) dose groups, and were grouped by the horse having focal or systemic disease. Results: Peak concentrations resulting from doses ≥7.7 mg/kg were 5.74 μg/mL (SE 2.1 μg/mL) greater than peaks from doses 32 μg/mL if dose was ≥7.7 mg/kg (P = .04). There were no significant effects of dose on trough or creatinine concentration. At a given dose, horses with focal disease had higher peaks than those with systemic disease (P = .039). Conclusions: These data suggest gentamicin dosage should be individually determined in horses using TDM, but support an initial once-daily dose of 7.7-9.7 mg/kg IV to achieve peaks >32 μg/mL and trough concentrations 6.6 mg/kg are required.
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2015-10-01 PubMed ID: 26426540PubMed Central: PMC4895685DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13626Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article studies the relationship between the dose of a common antibiotic in horses, gentamicin, and its concentration levels in their plasma. The aim was to identify an appropriate starting dose range to achieve an optimal plasma peak concentration for treating bacterial infections while preventing toxicity.

Research Methods

  • The researchers carried out a retrospective study of 65 horses hospitalized between 2002 and 2010. They received gentamicin once daily. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was used to track the concentrations of the drug in their system.
  • Data was collected from the horses’ medical records, including their weight, administered dose, plasma peak and trough gentamicin concentration, creatinine concentrations and the presence of focal or systemic disease.
  • Only peak concentrations measured 25-35 minutes after gentamicin administration were included in the final analysis.
  • The data was divided into three groups based on the gentamicin dose: low (9.7 mg/kg). Additional grouping was done based on whether the horse had a focal or systemic disease.

Findings

  • The results showed that the peak concentrations resulting from doses ≥7.7 mg/kg were 5.74 μg/mL greater than peaks from doses <7.7 mg/kg.
  • Peak concentrations were 3.6 times more likely to be more than 32 μg/mL if the dose was ≥7.7 mg/kg, suggesting better efficacy with higher doses.
  • There were no significant effects of dose on trough or creatinine concentration, indicating that the higher dose did not increase the risk of toxicity.
  • Horses with focal disease had higher peaks than those with systemic disease at given doses, implying that horse health condition significantly affects gentamicin’s absorption and distribution.

Conclusions

  • Based on the data, the researchers suggest that gentamicin dosage should be individually determined in horses using TDM.
  • An initial once-daily dose of 7.7-9.7 mg/kg IV was recommended to achieve desired plasma peaks and prevent toxicity.
  • However, the study also emphasized the need for future studies evaluating the safety of doses greater than 6.6 mg/kg.

Cite This Article

APA
Bauquier JR, Boston RC, Sweeney RW, Wilkins PA, Nolen-Walston RD. (2015). Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin. J Vet Intern Med, 29(6), 1660-1666. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13626

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 29
Issue: 6
Pages: 1660-1666

Researcher Affiliations

Bauquier, J R
  • Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
Boston, R C
  • Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
Sweeney, R W
  • Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
Wilkins, P A
  • Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
Nolen-Walston, R D
  • Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Gentamicins / administration & dosage
  • Gentamicins / blood
  • Gentamicins / pharmacokinetics
  • Gentamicins / therapeutic use
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Hospitals, Animal
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. van Spijk JN, Beckmann K, Wehrli Eser M, Boxler M, Stirn M, Rhyner T, Kaelin D, Saleh L, Schoster A. Adverse effects of polymyxin B administration to healthy horses. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jul;36(4):1525-1534.
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  2. Aleman MR, True A, Scalco R, Crowe CM, Costa LRR, Chigerwe M. Gentamicin-induced sensorineural auditory loss in healthy adult horses. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Sep;35(5):2486-2494.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16221pubmed: 34322916google scholar: lookup
  3. Kuroda T, Minamijima Y, Niwa H, Tamura N, Mita H, Fukuda K, Kaimachi M, Suzuki Y, Enoki Y, Taguchi K, Matsumoto K, Toutain PL, Bousquet-Melou A, Kasashima Y. Rational dosage regimens for cephalothin and cefazolin using pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics analysis in healthy horses. Equine Vet J 2021 Nov;53(6):1239-1249.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13406pubmed: 33341979google scholar: lookup
  4. Redpath A, Hallowell GD, Bowen IM. Use of aminoglycoside antibiotics in equine clinical practice; a questionnaire-based study of current use. Vet Med Sci 2021 Mar;7(2):279-288.
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