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Post-anesthetic CPS and EQUUS-FAP scores in surgical and non-surgical equine patients: an observational study.
Abstract: Equine pain scoring may be affected by the residual effect of anesthetic drugs. Unassigned: To compare pain scores in the hours immediately following anesthetic recovery to baseline pre-anesthetic scores in equine patients undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures. Unassigned: Clinical observational study. Unassigned: Fifty adult horses undergoing anesthesia for surgical or non-surgical procedures were enrolled. Horses underwent pain scoring using the Composite Pain Score (CPS) and Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain (EQUUS-FAP) prior to anesthesia (T0) and following anesthetic recovery to standing, every hour for 5 h (T1-T5). Data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed effects model. A post-hoc Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons was performed for variables where an effect was detected. Unassigned: Mean (95% confidence interval) CPS scores for T0-T5 were 1.6 (1.2-2.0), 6.8 (6.0-7.6), 5.1 (4.3-5.9), 4.3 (3.4-5.2), 3.7 (2.8-4.6), and 2.8 (2.0-3.6) and EQUUS-FAP scores were 0.6 (0.3-0.9), 3.0 (2.5-3.5), 1.9 (1.6-2.2), 1.1 (0.8-1.4), 0.6 (0.4-0.8), and 0.7 (0.4-1.0), respectively. For the CPS, scores greater than 5, and for the EQUUS-FAP scores greater than 3, are consistent with minor pain. There was no effect of type of procedure (surgical vs non-surgical) on CPS or EQUUS-FAP scores. There was an effect of time with CPS scores significantly greater than baseline at T1-T5 and EQUUS-FAP scores significantly greater than baseline at T1 and T2. Unassigned: Discomfort caused by hoisting was not quantified and it was difficult to ascertain if this affected the results. Unassigned: Post-anesthetic pain scores may be influenced by the residual effect of anesthetic agents for as long as 5 h and 2 h for the CPS and EQUUS-FAP, respectively.
© 2023 Reed, Krikorian, Reynolds, Holmes, Branning, Lemons, Barletta, Quandt, Burns, Dantino and Sakai.
Publication Date: 2023-07-12 PubMed ID: 37502312PubMed Central: PMC10369185DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1217034Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Adult Horses
- Anesthesia
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Clinical Symptoms
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Observational Study
- Pain Management
- Post-Operative Period
- Surgery
- Treatment
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article discusses a study that observed the influence of anesthetic drugs on pain scores in equines or horses following both surgical and non-surgical procedures.
Objective of the Study
- The main objective of this study was to examine the pain scores in horses in the hours following anesthesia, comparing them to baseline pre-anesthesia scores. This was done on both equines that underwent surgical interventions and those that didn’t.
Research Methodology
- Fifty adult horses were chosen as subjects, all of which underwent anesthesia for either a surgical or non-surgical procedure.
- Two scales were used to measure pain: the Composite Pain Score (CPS) and the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain (EQUUS-FAP).
- These measurements were taken before the anesthesia (T0), and then hourly for five hours following the recovery to standing (T1-T5).
- The data collected was then analyzed using a generalized linear mixed effects model.
- A Dunnett’s test was done post-hoc for multiple comparisons for the variables where an effect was detected.
Findings of the Study
- The study found the mean CPS scores for T0-T5 and EQUUS-FAP scores significantly increased from the baseline at T1 and continued until T5 and T2, respectively.
- No effect was detected regarding the type of procedure (surgical or non-surgical) on the CPS or EQUUS-FAP scores, highlighting that it probably didn’t matter whether a horse underwent surgery or not, the pain scores were influenced by the residual effects of anesthesia.
- The cut-off for minor pain was identified as a CPS score greater than 5, and an EQUUS-FAP score greater than 3.
Limitations and Conclusion
- The discomfort caused by hoisting was not measured in the study, making it hard to understand if it impacted the results.
- Overall, the study concluded that post-anesthetic pain scores may be influenced by the residual effects of anesthetic drugs, for as long as 5 hours and 2 hours for CPS and EQUUS-FAP, respectively, emphasizing the need for appropriate pain management post-anesthesia in equine patients.
Cite This Article
APA
Reed RA, Krikorian AM, Reynolds RM, Holmes BT, Branning MM, Lemons MB, Barletta M, Quandt JE, Burns CC, Dantino SC, Sakai DM.
(2023).
Post-anesthetic CPS and EQUUS-FAP scores in surgical and non-surgical equine patients: an observational study.
Front Pain Res (Lausanne), 4, 1217034.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2023.1217034 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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